Hi

\",\n});\n```\n\n## Val Town Utility Functions\n\nVal Town provides several utility functions to help with common project tasks.\n\n### Importing Utilities\n\nAlways import utilities with version pins to avoid breaking changes:\n\n```ts\nimport {\n parseProject,\n readFile,\n serveFile,\n} from \"https://esm.town/v/std/utils@85-main/index.ts\";\n```\n\n### Available Utilities\n\n#### **serveFile** - Serve project files with proper content types\n\nFor example, in Hono:\n\n```ts\n// serve all files in frontend/ and shared/\napp.get(\"/frontend/*\", (c) => serveFile(c.req.path, import.meta.url));\napp.get(\"/shared/*\", (c) => serveFile(c.req.path, import.meta.url));\n```\n\n#### **readFile** - Read files from within the project:\n\n```ts\n// Read a file from the project\nconst fileContent = await readFile(\"/frontend/index.html\", import.meta.url);\n```\n\n#### **listFiles** - List all files in the project\n\n```ts\nconst files = await listFiles(import.meta.url);\n```\n\n#### **parseProject** - Extract information about the current project from import.meta.url\n\nThis is useful for including info for linking back to a val, ie in \"view source\"\nurls:\n\n```ts\nconst projectVal = parseProject(import.meta.url);\nconsole.log(projectVal.username); // Owner of the project\nconsole.log(projectVal.name); // Project name\nconsole.log(projectVal.version); // Version number\nconsole.log(projectVal.branch); // Branch name\nconsole.log(projectVal.links.self.project); // URL to the project page\n```\n\nHowever, it's _extremely importing_ to note that `parseProject` and other\nStandard Library utilities ONLY RUN ON THE SERVER. If you need access to this\ndata on the client, run it in the server and pass it to the client by splicing\nit into the HTML page or by making an API request for it.\n\n## Val Town Platform Specifics\n\n- **Redirects:** Use\n `return new Response(null, { status: 302, headers: { Location: \"/place/to/redirect\" }})`\n instead of `Response.redirect` which is broken\n- **Images:** Avoid external images or base64 images. Use emojis, unicode\n symbols, or icon fonts/libraries instead\n- **AI Image:** To inline generate an AI image use:\n `

`\n- **Storage:** DO NOT use the Deno KV module for storage\n- **Browser APIs:** DO NOT use the `alert()`, `prompt()`, or `confirm()` methods\n- **Weather Data:** Use open-meteo for weather data (doesn't require API keys)\n unless otherwise specified\n- **View Source:** Add a view source link by importing & using\n `import.meta.url.replace(\"ems.sh\", \"val.town)\"` (or passing this data to the\n client) and include `target=\"_top\"` attribute\n- **Error Debugging:** Add\n `` to HTML to capture\n client-side errors\n- **Error Handling:** Only use try...catch when there's a clear local\n resolution; Avoid catches that merely log or return 500s. Let errors bubble up\n with full context\n- **Environment Variables:** Use `Deno.env.get('keyname')` when you need to, but\n generally prefer APIs that don't require keys\n- **Imports:** Use `https://esm.sh` for npm and Deno dependencies to ensure\n compatibility on server and browser\n- **Storage Strategy:** Only use backend storage if explicitly required; prefer\n simple static client-side sites\n- **React Configuration:** When using React libraries, pin versions with\n `?deps=react@18.2.0,react-dom@18.2.0` and start the file with\n `/** @jsxImportSource https://esm.sh/react@18.2.0 */`\n- Ensure all React dependencies and sub-dependencies are pinned to the same\n version\n- **Styling:** Default to using TailwindCSS via\n `` unless otherwise\n specified\n\n## Project Structure and Design Patterns\n\n### Recommended Directory Structure\n\n```\n├── backend/\n│ ├── database/\n│ │ ├── migrations.ts # Schema definitions\n│ │ ├── queries.ts # DB query functions\n│ │ └── README.md\n│ └── routes/ # Route modules\n│ ├── [route].ts\n│ └── static.ts # Static file serving\n│ ├── index.ts # Main entry point\n│ └── README.md\n├── frontend/\n│ ├── components/\n│ │ ├── App.tsx\n│ │ └── [Component].tsx\n│ ├── favicon.svg\n│ ├── index.html # Main HTML template\n│ ├── index.tsx # Frontend JS entry point\n│ ├── README.md\n│ └── style.css\n├── README.md\n└── shared/\n ├── README.md\n └── utils.ts # Shared types and functions\n```\n\n### Backend (Hono) Best Practices\n\n- Hono is the recommended API framework\n- Main entry point should be `backend/index.ts`\n- **Static asset serving:** Use the utility functions to read and serve project\n files:\n ```ts\n import {\n readFile,\n serveFile,\n } from \"https://esm.town/v/std/utils@85-main/index.ts\";\n\n // serve all files in frontend/ and shared/\n app.get(\"/frontend/*\", (c) => serveFile(c.req.path, import.meta.url));\n app.get(\"/shared/*\", (c) => serveFile(c.req.path, import.meta.url));\n\n // For index.html, often you'll want to bootstrap with initial data\n app.get(\"/\", async (c) => {\n let html = await readFile(\"/frontend/index.html\", import.meta.url);\n\n // Inject data to avoid extra round-trips\n const initialData = await fetchInitialData();\n const dataScript = ``;\n\n html = html.replace(\"\", `${dataScript}`);\n return c.html(html);\n });\n ```\n- Create RESTful API routes for CRUD operations\n- Always include this snippet at the top-level Hono app to re-throwing errors to\n see full stack traces:\n ```ts\n // Unwrap Hono errors to see original error details\n app.onError((err, c) => {\n throw err;\n });\n ```\n\n### Database Patterns\n\n- Run migrations on startup or comment out for performance\n- Change table names when modifying schemas rather than altering\n- Export clear query functions with proper TypeScript typing\n\n## Common Gotchas and Solutions\n\n1. **Environment Limitations:**\n - Val Town runs on Deno in a serverless context, not Node.js\n - Code in `shared/` must work in both frontend and backend environments\n - Cannot use `Deno` keyword in shared code\n - Use `https://esm.sh` for imports that work in both environments\n\n2. **SQLite Peculiarities:**\n - Limited support for ALTER TABLE operations\n - Create new tables with updated schemas and copy data when needed\n - Always run table creation before querying\n\n3. **React Configuration:**\n - All React dependencies must be pinned to 18.2.0\n - Always include `@jsxImportSource https://esm.sh/react@18.2.0` at the top of\n React files\n - Rendering issues often come from mismatched React versions\n\n4. **File Handling:**\n - Val Town only supports text files, not binary\n - Use the provided utilities to read files across branches and forks\n - For files in the project, use `readFile` helpers\n\n5. **API Design:**\n - `fetch` handler is the entry point for HTTP vals\n - Run the Hono app with\n `export default app.fetch // This is the entry point for HTTP vals`",[],[97],["D",1763959369651],[],[19],"cd3a7c3a-c8ef-11f0-8c99-42dde27851f2","example","cd3a7d20-c8ef-11f0-8c99-42dde27851f2",2,["D",1763959271434],"directory",[115,116,117,118],[108],{"_33":145,"_13":146,"_35":147,"_37":109,"_38":39,"_40":148,"_42":43,"_44":149,"_17":75,"_47":132,"_48":150,"_50":51,"_52":-5,"_69":151,"_18":152},{"_33":136,"_13":137,"_35":138,"_37":109,"_38":39,"_40":139,"_42":43,"_44":140,"_17":141,"_47":132,"_48":142,"_50":51,"_52":-5,"_69":143,"_18":144},{"_33":127,"_13":128,"_35":129,"_37":109,"_38":39,"_40":130,"_42":43,"_44":131,"_17":91,"_47":132,"_48":133,"_50":51,"_52":-5,"_69":134,"_18":135},{"_33":119,"_13":120,"_35":121,"_37":109,"_38":39,"_40":122,"_42":43,"_44":123,"_17":46,"_47":67,"_48":124,"_50":51,"_52":-5,"_69":125,"_18":126},"cd7f91ee-c8ef-11f0-b29b-42dde27851f2","schema.ts","cd7f92ca-c8ef-11f0-b29b-42dde27851f2",8,["D",1763959271566],"/**\n * Example Drizzle Schema\n *\n * Define your database tables here using Drizzle's sqliteTable\n */\nimport { integer, sqliteTable, text } from \"npm:drizzle-orm/sqlite-core\";\n\nexport const users = sqliteTable(\"users\", {\n\tid: integer(\"id\").primaryKey({ autoIncrement: true }),\n\tname: text(\"name\").notNull(),\n\temail: text(\"email\").notNull().unique(),\n\tcreatedAt: integer(\"created_at\", { mode: \"timestamp\" }).$defaultFn(\n\t\t() => new Date(),\n\t),\n});\n\nexport const posts = sqliteTable(\"posts\", {\n\tid: integer(\"id\").primaryKey({ autoIncrement: true }),\n\tuserId: integer(\"user_id\")\n\t\t.notNull()\n\t\t.references(() => users.id),\n\ttitle: text(\"title\").notNull(),\n\tcontent: text(\"content\"),\n\tpublished: integer(\"published\", { mode: \"boolean\" }).default(false),\n\tcreatedAt: integer(\"created_at\", { mode: \"timestamp\" }).$defaultFn(\n\t\t() => new Date(),\n\t),\n});\n",[],[108,120],"708bc398-c94b-11f0-8ad7-42dde27851f2","run-migrations.ts","cd52fc06-c8ef-11f0-aeb7-42dde27851f2",29,["D",1763998629627],"http","/**\n * Migration Runner\n *\n * Visit this endpoint to run migrations:\n * https://nbbaier-runDrizzleMigrations.web.val.run\n *\n * It will:\n * - Create new tables from your schema\n * - Track migration versions\n * - Warn about schema changes\n */\n\nimport { migrate } from \"https://esm.town/v/nbbaier/drizzleMigrations\";\nimport * as schema from \"https://esm.town/v/nbbaier/drizzleSchema\";\nimport { sqlite } from \"https://esm.town/v/std/sqlite\";\n\nexport default async function (_req: Request) {\n\ttry {\n\t\tconst result = await migrate(sqlite, schema);\n\n\t\treturn Response.json({\n\t\t\tsuccess: true,\n\t\t\tversion: result.version,\n\t\t\tapplied: result.applied,\n\t\t\tskipped: result.skipped,\n\t\t\ttimestamp: new Date().toISOString(),\n\t\t});\n\t} catch (error) {\n\t\treturn Response.json(\n\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\tsuccess: false,\n\t\t\t\terror: error.message,\n\t\t\t},\n\t\t\t{ status: 500 },\n\t\t);\n\t}\n}\n",[],[108,128],"70959d78-c94b-11f0-be1b-42dde27851f2","inspect-schema.ts","cd4f92a0-c8ef-11f0-a862-42dde27851f2",31,["D",1763998629700],4,"/**\n * Schema Inspector\n *\n * View the SQL that will be generated from your Drizzle schema.\n * Useful for debugging or manual migrations.\n *\n * Visit: https://nbbaier-inspectDrizzleSchema.web.val.run\n */\nimport { generateSchemaSQL } from \"https://esm.town/v/nbbaier/drizzleMigrations\";\nimport * as schema from \"https://esm.town/v/nbbaier/drizzleSchema\";\n\nexport default function () {\n\tconst sql = generateSchemaSQL(schema);\n\treturn new Response(sql, {\n\t\theaders: { \"Content-Type\": \"text/plain\" },\n\t});\n}\n",[],[108,137],"7091789c-c94b-11f0-a488-42dde27851f2","api.ts","cd48db04-c8ef-11f0-8c99-42dde27851f2",30,["D",1763998629670],"/**\n * Example API with Drizzle ORM\n *\n * This shows how to use your schema with full type safety!\n *\n * Endpoints:\n * GET /users - List all users\n * POST /users - Create user (JSON: { name, email })\n * GET /posts - List posts with authors\n * POST /posts - Create post (JSON: { userId, title, content })\n *\n * Try it:\n * https://nbbaier-drizzleExampleApp.web.val.run/users\n */\n\nimport { sqlite } from \"https://esm.town/v/std/sqlite\";\nimport { eq } from \"npm:drizzle-orm\";\nimport { drizzle } from \"npm:drizzle-orm/better-sqlite3\";\nimport * as schema from \"./schema.ts\";\n\nconst db = drizzle(sqlite, { schema });\n\nexport default async function (req: Request) {\n\tconst url = new URL(req.url);\n\n\t// GET /users - List all users\n\tif (url.pathname === \"/users\" && req.method === \"GET\") {\n\t\tconst users = await db.select().from(schema.users);\n\t\treturn Response.json(users);\n\t}\n\n\t// POST /users - Create user\n\tif (url.pathname === \"/users\" && req.method === \"POST\") {\n\t\tconst body = await req.json();\n\n\t\tconst [user] = await db\n\t\t\t.insert(schema.users)\n\t\t\t.values({\n\t\t\t\tname: body.name,\n\t\t\t\temail: body.email,\n\t\t\t})\n\t\t\t.returning();\n\n\t\treturn Response.json(user);\n\t}\n\n\t// GET /posts - List posts with user info\n\tif (url.pathname === \"/posts\" && req.method === \"GET\") {\n\t\tconst posts = await db\n\t\t\t.select()\n\t\t\t.from(schema.posts)\n\t\t\t.leftJoin(schema.users, eq(schema.posts.userId, schema.users.id));\n\n\t\treturn Response.json(posts);\n\t}\n\n\t// POST /posts - Create post\n\tif (url.pathname === \"/posts\" && req.method === \"POST\") {\n\t\tconst body = await req.json();\n\n\t\tconst [post] = await db\n\t\t\t.insert(schema.posts)\n\t\t\t.values({\n\t\t\t\tuserId: body.userId,\n\t\t\t\ttitle: body.title,\n\t\t\t\tcontent: body.content,\n\t\t\t\tpublished: body.published ?? false,\n\t\t\t})\n\t\t\t.returning();\n\n\t\treturn Response.json(post);\n\t}\n\n\t// Home page with instructions\n\tif (url.pathname === \"/\") {\n\t\treturn new Response(\n\t\t\t`\n

Drizzle ORM Example API

Endpoints:

GET /users - List users
POST /users - Create user
GET /posts - List posts
POST /posts - Create post

View users

View posts

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