Ask the registry — domain lookup over ICANN RDAP

[{"_1":2,"_3":-5,"_4":-5},"loaderData",{"_5":6,"_7":8,"_9":10},"actionData","errors","root",{"_263":264,"_265":266},"routes/_app.x.$handle.$name",{"_94":93,"_31":42,"_102":84,"_26":50,"_13":14,"_103":-5,"_11":104,"_105":106,"_107":108,"_109":110,"_111":112,"_20":-5,"_113":-5,"_114":-5,"_115":24,"_116":117,"_118":24,"_119":-5,"_120":-5,"_121":122},"routes/_app.x.$handle.$name.branch.$branch.version.$version.diff",{"_11":12,"_13":14,"_15":16,"_17":-5,"_18":-5},"project",{"_40":41,"_31":42,"_35":43,"_44":-5,"_45":24,"_46":47,"_48":47,"_49":50,"_51":-5,"_18":52,"_53":54,"_55":56,"_57":-5,"_58":-5,"_59":60,"_61":62,"_63":-5,"_64":-5,"_65":-5,"_66":-5,"_67":68,"_69":68,"_70":71,"_72":71,"_73":71,"_74":68,"_75":68,"_76":77,"_78":79,"_80":81,"_82":24},"version",12,"changes",[19],"aiChatInfo","userId",{"_20":21,"_22":-7,"_23":24,"_25":24,"_26":27,"_28":27},"file",{"_29":30,"_31":27,"_32":20,"_33":34,"_35":36,"_37":14,"_38":39,"_23":24},"previous","deleted",false,"deletedHere","path","README.md","latestPath","fileId","b8efa9a2-89d4-11f1-8c5f-1607ee4eb77e","name","fileType","content","# whois\n\nType a domain, find out whether it's registered. The answer comes from the\nregistry of record over [RDAP](https://www.icann.org/rdap) — the protocol ICANN\nrequires registries to run alongside WHOIS — rather than from a reseller's\ncached list.\n\n## How a lookup works\n\n1. `backend/rdap.ts` normalizes what was typed: pasted URLs lose their scheme\n and path, IDNs are punycoded, a leading `www.` is dropped.\n2. The TLD is resolved to an RDAP service through\n [IANA's bootstrap file](https://data.iana.org/rdap/dns.json), cached for 12\n hours per instance.\n3. `GET /domain/` decides it: `200` means registered and carries\n the record, `404` means the registry has no entry.\n\nA handful of registries run RDAP without appearing in the bootstrap file\n(`.ac`, `.de`, `.io`, `.sh`). Those are listed in `SUPPLEMENTAL_SERVICES`, each\nverified against a known-registered name in that exact TLD. Never point a TLD at\na service that isn't authoritative for it — a foreign service answers `404`, and\n`404` is what makes this site say \"available\".\n\nTLDs with no RDAP service at all (`.co`, `.me`, and other ccTLDs) return\n`unsupported` instead of a guess.\n\n## Files\n\n| Path | What it does |\n| --------------------- | -------------------------------------------------- |\n| `main.ts` | Hono app: static routes, `GET /api/lookup?domain=` |\n| `backend/rdap.ts` | Bootstrap cache, normalization, RDAP record parsing |\n| `backend/files.ts` | Static file helpers, with a local-disk fallback |\n| `frontend/` | The page: HTML, CSS, and the renderer |\n| `shared/types.ts` | The `/api/lookup` response contract |\n\n## Running it\n\n```sh\nvt push # deploy to Val Town\ndeno run -A serve.ts # or preview locally, see below\n```\n\nFor a local preview, point Deno's server at the exported handler:\n\n```ts\nimport app from \"./main.ts\";\nDeno.serve({ port: 8787 }, app);\n```\n\n`backend/files.ts` reads from disk when it sees a `file://` URL, so the static\nroutes work outside Val Town 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Shape of the /api/lookup response. Kept in shared/ as the contract the\n * frontend renders against. */\n\nexport type LookupStatus =\n | \"registered\" // the registry returned a record\n | \"available\" // the registry has no record for this name\n | \"unsupported\" // no RDAP service is published for this TLD\n | \"invalid\" // the input isn't a domain name we can query\n | \"error\"; // the registry failed to answer\n\nexport interface DomainRecord {\n registrar?: string;\n registrarIanaId?: string;\n registered?: string;\n expires?: string;\n updated?: string;\n statuses: string[];\n nameservers: string[];\n dnssec?: boolean;\n}\n\nexport interface LookupResult {\n /** What the visitor typed. */\n query: string;\n /** The normalized, punycoded name that was queried. */\n domain: string;\n /** Unicode form, when the name was an IDN. */\n unicodeName?: string;\n tld: string;\n status: LookupStatus;\n /** Hostname of the RDAP service that answered. */\n source?: string;\n /** UTC timestamp of the answer. */\n answeredAt?: string;\n record?: DomainRecord;\n /** Human-readable explanation for invalid, unsupported, and error results. */\n message?: string;\n /** Caveat worth showing alongside an otherwise good answer. */\n note?: string;\n}\n",[],[157,211],["D",1785168214472],[192],[157],"43f523e1-dfc0-4d28-9ef6-af8bdc7b2828","index.js","b8e328a8-89d4-11f1-9340-1607ee4eb77e",11,["D",1785168215295],"const form = document.getElementById(\"lookup\");\nconst input = document.getElementById(\"domain\");\nconst button = document.getElementById(\"search\");\nconst result = document.getElementById(\"result\");\n\nform.addEventListener(\"submit\", (event) => {\n event.preventDefault();\n search(input.value);\n});\n\n// Let a shared URL open straight onto its answer.\nconst initial = new URLSearchParams(location.search).get(\"q\");\nif (initial) {\n input.value = initial;\n search(initial);\n} else {\n input.focus();\n}\n\nasync function search(query) {\n const domain = query.trim();\n if (!domain) {\n input.focus();\n return;\n }\n\n setLoading(true);\n history.replaceState(null, \"\", `?q=${encodeURIComponent(domain)}`);\n\n try {\n const res = await fetch(`/api/lookup?domain=${encodeURIComponent(domain)}`);\n if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`lookup failed: ${res.status}`);\n render(await res.json());\n } catch {\n render({\n query: domain,\n domain,\n status: \"error\",\n message: \"The lookup service didn't answer. Check your connection and search again.\",\n });\n } finally {\n setLoading(false);\n }\n}\n\nfunction setLoading(loading) {\n form.classList.toggle(\"is-loading\", loading);\n button.disabled = loading;\n button.textContent = loading ? \"Checking…\" : \"Search\";\n}\n\nfunction render(data) {\n const card = document.createElement(\"article\");\n card.className = \"card\";\n card.innerHTML = data.status === \"registered\"\n ? registeredCard(data)\n : data.status === \"available\"\n ? availableCard(data)\n : messageCard(data);\n result.replaceChildren(card);\n}\n\nfunction registeredCard(data) {\n const r = data.record ?? {};\n const rows = [\n row(\"Registrar\", r.registrar ? withAside(r.registrar, r.registrarIanaId && `IANA ${r.registrarIanaId}`) : null),\n row(\"Registered\", dateCell(r.registered)),\n row(\"Expires\", dateCell(r.expires)),\n row(\"Updated\", dateCell(r.updated)),\n row(\"Status\", r.statuses?.length ? stack(r.statuses) : null),\n row(\"Name servers\", r.nameservers?.length ? stack(r.nameservers) : null),\n row(\"DNSSEC\", r.dnssec === undefined ? null : r.dnssec ? \"Signed\" : \"Unsigned\"),\n ].join(\"\");\n\n return `\n ${head(data, \"taken\", \"Registered\")}\n

${esc(data.domain)} is in the .${esc(data.tld)} registry.

${rows}\n ${note(data)}\n ${source(data)}\n `;\n}\n\nfunction availableCard(data) {\n return `\n ${head(data, \"free\", \"Available\")}\n

\n The .${esc(data.tld)} registry holds no record for ${esc(data.domain)}.\n A registrar should be able to sell it to you.\n

\n ${note(data)}\n ${source(data)}\n `;\n}\n\nfunction messageCard(data) {\n const titles = {\n invalid: \"Not a domain name\",\n unsupported: `.${data.tld} isn't reachable by RDAP`,\n error: \"No answer from the registry\",\n };\n const extra = data.status === \"unsupported\"\n ? `

ICANN's own lookup tool covers some registries that don't publish RDAP.

`\n : \"\";\n\n return `\n

${data.status === \"invalid\" ? \"Check the spelling\" : \"Can't check\"}

${esc(titles[data.status] ?? \"Lookup failed\")}

${esc(data.message ?? \"\")}

\n ${extra}\n ${source(data)}\n `;\n}\n\nfunction head(data, tone, stampLabel) {\n const idn = data.unicodeName && data.unicodeName !== data.domain\n ? `

${esc(data.unicodeName)}

`\n : \"\";\n\n return `\n

Registry record

${esc(data.domain)}

\n ${idn}\n

${esc(stampLabel)}

\n `;\n}\n\nfunction row(label, value) {\n if (!value) return \"\";\n return `

${esc(label)}

${value}

`;\n}\n\nfunction withAside(value, aside) {\n return aside ? `${esc(value)} ${esc(aside)}` : esc(value);\n}\n\nfunction stack(values) {\n return values.map((v) => `${esc(v)}`).join(\"\");\n}\n\nfunction dateCell(iso) {\n if (!iso) return null;\n const date = new Date(iso);\n if (Number.isNaN(date.getTime())) return esc(iso);\n return withAside(date.toISOString().slice(0, 10), relative(date));\n}\n\n/** \"3 years ago\" / \"in 2 months\", for judging how settled a registration is. */\nfunction relative(date) {\n const days = Math.round((date.getTime() - Date.now()) / 86_400_000);\n const fmt = new Intl.RelativeTimeFormat(\"en\", { numeric: \"auto\" });\n if (Math.abs(days) >= 365) return fmt.format(Math.round(days / 365.25), \"year\");\n if (Math.abs(days) >= 31) return fmt.format(Math.round(days / 30.44), \"month\");\n return fmt.format(days, \"day\");\n}\n\nfunction note(data) {\n return data.note ? `

${esc(data.note)}

` : \"\";\n}\n\nfunction source(data) {\n if (!data.source) return \"\";\n const at = data.answeredAt ? ` · ${data.answeredAt.slice(11, 19)} UTC` : \"\";\n return `

Answered by ${esc(data.source)}${esc(at)}

`;\n}\n\nfunction esc(value) {\n return String(value).replace(\n /[&<>\"']/g,\n (c) => ({ \"&\": \"&\", \"<\": \"<\", \">\": \">\", '\"': \""\", \"'\": \"'\" }[c]),\n );\n}\n",[],[164,222],"0a304bd6-280f-45b6-9100-8e1418cebbfa","index.html","b8d5c3c0-89d4-11f1-96e4-1607ee4eb77e",9,["D",1785168215223],"\n\n \n \n \n Ask the registry — domain lookup over ICANN RDAP\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n

\n \n\n \n\n

\n\n \n

\n\n \n \n\n",[],[164,230],["D",1785168214803],[189,190],[164],"62a20e79-1d40-4355-836c-5dc3f1dc3c54","rdap.ts","b8d99310-89d4-11f1-aa02-1607ee4eb77e",10,["D",1785168215079],"import type { DomainRecord, LookupResult } from \"../shared/types.ts\";\n\n/** ICANN/IANA's authoritative map of TLD -> RDAP service. */\nconst BOOTSTRAP_URL = \"https://data.iana.org/rdap/dns.json\";\nconst BOOTSTRAP_TTL_MS = 12 * 60 * 60 * 1000;\nconst REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000;\n\n/**\n * Registries that run RDAP but that IANA's bootstrap file doesn't list.\n * Each entry was checked against a known-registered name in that exact TLD.\n * Never point a TLD at a service that isn't authoritative for it: a foreign\n * RDAP service answers 404, and 404 is how we read \"available\".\n */\nconst SUPPLEMENTAL_SERVICES: Record = {\n ac: \"https://rdap.identitydigital.services/rdap/\",\n de: \"https://rdap.denic.de/\",\n io: \"https://rdap.identitydigital.services/rdap/\",\n sh: \"https://rdap.identitydigital.services/rdap/\",\n};\n\ninterface BootstrapFile {\n publication: string;\n services: [string[], string[]][];\n}\n\nlet bootstrapCache: { fetchedAt: number; map: Map } | null = null;\n\nasync function getServiceMap(): Promise> {\n if (bootstrapCache && Date.now() - bootstrapCache.fetchedAt < BOOTSTRAP_TTL_MS) {\n return bootstrapCache.map;\n }\n\n const res = await fetch(BOOTSTRAP_URL, {\n signal: AbortSignal.timeout(REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS),\n });\n if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`IANA bootstrap returned ${res.status}`);\n const bootstrap = (await res.json()) as BootstrapFile;\n\n const map = new Map();\n for (const [tlds, urls] of bootstrap.services) {\n const base = urls.find((u) => u.startsWith(\"https://\")) ?? urls[0];\n if (!base) continue;\n for (const tld of tlds) map.set(tld.toLowerCase(), base);\n }\n for (const [tld, base] of Object.entries(SUPPLEMENTAL_SERVICES)) {\n if (!map.has(tld)) map.set(tld, base);\n }\n\n bootstrapCache = { fetchedAt: Date.now(), map };\n return map;\n}\n\ninterface NormalizedDomain {\n domain: string;\n unicodeName?: string;\n tld: string;\n labelCount: number;\n}\n\n/**\n * Reduce whatever was typed to an ASCII (punycoded) domain name. Accepts pasted\n * URLs and IDNs; drops a leading \"www.\" since it is never registrable itself.\n */\nexport function normalizeDomain(input: string): NormalizedDomain | { error: string } {\n const raw = input.trim().replace(/^[a-z][a-z0-9+.-]*:\\/\\//i, \"\").split(/[/?#]/)[0]\n .replace(/\\.$/, \"\");\n if (!raw) return { error: \"Enter a domain name to look up.\" };\n\n let hostname: string;\n try {\n hostname = new URL(`http://${raw}`).hostname;\n } catch {\n return { error: `\"${input.trim()}\" isn't a domain name.` };\n }\n\n const domain = hostname.replace(/^www\\./, \"\");\n const labels = domain.split(\".\");\n if (labels.length < 2) {\n return { error: `Add a top-level domain — try \"${domain}.com\".` };\n }\n if (domain.length > 253 || labels.some((l) => !/^[a-z0-9-]{1,63}$/.test(l))) {\n return { error: `\"${input.trim()}\" isn't a domain name.` };\n }\n\n // URL() punycodes IDNs one way only, so keep what was typed as the unicode form.\n const typed = raw.toLowerCase().replace(/^www\\./, \"\");\n const unicodeName = domain.includes(\"xn--\") && typed !== domain ? typed : undefined;\n return { domain, unicodeName, tld: labels[labels.length - 1], labelCount: labels.length };\n}\n\nexport async function lookupDomain(query: string): Promise {\n const normalized = normalizeDomain(query);\n if (\"error\" in normalized) {\n return { query, domain: \"\", tld: \"\", status: \"invalid\", message: normalized.error };\n }\n\n const { domain, unicodeName, tld, labelCount } = normalized;\n const base = { query, domain, unicodeName, tld };\n\n const services = await getServiceMap();\n const service = services.get(tld);\n if (!service) {\n return {\n ...base,\n status: \"unsupported\",\n message:\n `IANA publishes no RDAP service for .${tld}, so the registry can't be asked directly.`,\n };\n }\n\n const url = `${service.replace(/\\/?$/, \"/\")}domain/${encodeURIComponent(domain)}`;\n const source = new URL(url).hostname;\n const answeredAt = new Date().toISOString();\n\n let res: Response;\n try {\n res = await fetch(url, {\n headers: { accept: \"application/rdap+json, application/json\" },\n signal: AbortSignal.timeout(REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS),\n });\n } catch (err) {\n // A registry that is slow or down is a normal outcome here, not a bug to\n // surface as a 500 — the visitor needs to know who failed to answer.\n const reason = err instanceof DOMException && err.name === \"TimeoutError\"\n ? `${source} took longer than ${REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS / 1000} seconds to answer.`\n : `${source} couldn't be reached.`;\n return { ...base, status: \"error\", source, message: reason };\n }\n\n if (res.status === 404) {\n return {\n ...base,\n status: \"available\",\n source,\n answeredAt,\n note: labelCount > 2\n ? `${domain} has ${labelCount} labels. If it's a subdomain, look up the name it sits under instead.`\n : undefined,\n };\n }\n\n if (res.status === 429) {\n return {\n ...base,\n status: \"error\",\n source,\n message: `${source} is rate-limiting lookups. Wait a moment and search again.`,\n };\n }\n\n if (!res.ok) {\n return {\n ...base,\n status: \"error\",\n source,\n message: `${source} answered ${res.status} ${res.statusText}.`.trim(),\n };\n }\n\n const data = await res.json();\n if (data?.errorCode === 404) {\n return { ...base, status: \"available\", source, answeredAt };\n }\n\n return {\n ...base,\n domain: typeof data?.ldhName === \"string\" ? data.ldhName.toLowerCase() : domain,\n unicodeName: typeof data?.unicodeName === \"string\" ? data.unicodeName : unicodeName,\n status: \"registered\",\n source,\n answeredAt,\n record: parseRecord(data),\n };\n}\n\nfunction parseRecord(data: any): DomainRecord {\n const registrar = (data?.entities ?? []).find((e: any) => e?.roles?.includes(\"registrar\"));\n\n return {\n registrar: vcardValue(registrar?.vcardArray, \"fn\"),\n registrarIanaId: (registrar?.publicIds ?? []).find((id: any) =>\n id?.type === \"IANA Registrar ID\"\n )?.identifier,\n registered: eventDate(data, \"registration\"),\n expires: eventDate(data, \"expiration\"),\n updated: eventDate(data, \"last changed\"),\n statuses: (data?.status ?? []).filter((s: unknown) => typeof s === \"string\"),\n nameservers: (data?.nameservers ?? [])\n .map((ns: any) => typeof ns?.ldhName === \"string\" ? ns.ldhName.toLowerCase() : null)\n .filter(Boolean),\n dnssec: data?.secureDNS?.delegationSigned ?? undefined,\n };\n}\n\nfunction eventDate(data: any, action: string): string | undefined {\n const event = (data?.events ?? []).find((e: any) => e?.eventAction === action);\n return typeof event?.eventDate === \"string\" ? event.eventDate : undefined;\n}\n\n/** vCard entries are [\"fn\", {}, \"text\", \"Registrar Name\"] tuples. */\nfunction vcardValue(vcardArray: any, field: string): string | undefined {\n const entry = (vcardArray?.[1] ?? []).find((e: any) => e?.[0] === field);\n const value = entry?.[3];\n return typeof value === \"string\" && value.trim() ? value.trim() : undefined;\n}\n",[],[170,241],"163aa5f4-c617-4f00-bba3-c0982dde2551","files.ts","b8cc58f8-89d4-11f1-9e1f-1607ee4eb77e",8,["D",1785168215152],"import { readFile, serveFile } from \"https://esm.town/v/std/utils@85-main/index.ts\";\n\n/**\n * Val Town's file helpers resolve project files through the esm.town URL of the\n * running val, which doesn't exist when the same code runs from disk. These\n * wrappers keep `deno run` working for local preview; on Val Town they hand off\n * to the standard helpers untouched.\n */\n\nconst CONTENT_TYPES: Record = {\n css: \"text/css; charset=utf-8\",\n html: \"text/html; charset=utf-8\",\n js: \"text/javascript; charset=utf-8\",\n json: \"application/json; charset=utf-8\",\n svg: \"image/svg+xml\",\n};\n\nconst isLocal = (metaUrl: string) => metaUrl.startsWith(\"file://\");\n\nexport function readProjectFile(path: string, metaUrl: string): Promise {\n if (!isLocal(metaUrl)) return readFile(path, metaUrl);\n return Deno.readTextFile(new URL(`.${path}`, metaUrl));\n}\n\nexport async function serveProjectFile(path: string, metaUrl: string): Promise {\n if (!isLocal(metaUrl)) return serveFile(path, metaUrl);\n\n const body = await Deno.readTextFile(new URL(`.${path}`, metaUrl)).catch(() => null);\n if (body === null) return new Response(\"Not found\", { status: 404 });\n\n const extension = path.split(\".\").pop() ?? \"\";\n return new Response(body, {\n headers: { \"content-type\": CONTENT_TYPES[extension] ?? \"text/plain; charset=utf-8\" },\n });\n}\n",[],[170,249],["D",1785168214649],[186,187],[170],["D",1785166232232],{"_94":93,"_101":97},{"_94":93,"_95":-5,"_96":97,"_18":52,"_98":99,"_100":24},{"_13":83,"_31":84,"_40":39,"_85":41,"_86":-5,"_87":-5,"_88":-5,"_89":-5,"_90":-5,"_91":42,"_92":93},"ctx",{"_76":-5,"_120":296,"_297":298,"_299":300,"_301":24,"_302":24,"_303":24,"_304":56,"_305":-5,"_306":-7,"_307":-7,"_308":135,"_309":24,"_310":24,"_311":-5,"_312":24,"_313":24,"_314":24,"_315":-5},"ENV",{"_267":268,"_269":270,"_271":84,"_272":273,"_274":275,"_276":277,"_278":279,"_280":281,"_282":283,"_284":285,"_286":287,"_288":289,"_290":291,"_292":293,"_294":295},"REACT_APP_SENTRY_DSN","https://586020d86f05489db63a554690acf1e9@o1398359.ingest.sentry.io/6724499","RENDER_GIT_COMMIT","e87eb04e707cf64e7e532c8e8ec395f209e17f15","RENDER_GIT_BRANCH","POSTHOG_API_TOKEN","phc_nmoyuAkStEZuUp69rYlg1DZgrIt19Gx0Y4Hwf8tGgJP","POSTHOG_API_HOST","https://wart.val.town","WEB_API_TEMPLATE","https://{val}.web.val.run","APP_URL","https://www.val.town","MODULE_URL","https://esm.town","VANITY_WEB_API_TEMPLATE","https://{label}.val.run/","DENOLS_URL","https://lsp.val.town","NODE_ENV","production","CLOUDFLARE_TURNSTILE_SITE_KEY","0x4AAAAAACtaIZJH7s9rBMZ6","GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID","875989696899-jtsqkhlbdv5jrlsk8631p7ipjg3c6o62.apps.googleusercontent.com","STRIPE_PUBLISHABLE_KEY","pk_live_51N2zvWEpZTTLipIkVEwXrUG9AT0yeOOEYxszarZT1jpsZV58Ly6wlg3SltZpHN26CUalOBmUSY7adQRQiSkCZz2500qSXNkf8Y","API_URL","https://api.val.town",[],"preferencesKeybindings","default","preferencesTheme","light","preferencesFixers","preferencesCopilot","preferencesSelectionAi","preferencesCloseBrackets","preferencesChatPanelState","preferencesDprint","preferencesDenofmt","notificationCount","flagDenols","isBusinessOrgMember","businessOrgHandle","isBusinessOrgAdmin","isHigherTownieTier","navCollapsed","currentOrgId"]

Diff · v12