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This is a teaching\n// approximation (rate, regularity, P-wave presence, QRS width/shape) — not a\n// literal clinical tracing. Every call re-rolls its randomness, so calling\n// this again for the same rhythm produces a visually fresh strip.\nimport type { WaveformSpec } from \"../../backend/rhythms-data.ts\";\n\nconst DT = 4; // ms per sample\nconst DURATION = 7600; // ms — roughly a 7.5s strip\nconst N = Math.floor(DURATION / DT);\n\nfunction rand(min: number, max: number) {\n return min + Math.random() * (max - min);\n}\n\nfunction gauss(t: number, center: number, sigma: number) {\n const d = t - center;\n return Math.exp(-(d * d) / (2 * sigma * sigma));\n}\n\nfunction pWaveAt(t: number, center: number, amp = 1) {\n return amp * 0.15 * gauss(t, center, 26);\n}\n\nfunction qrsAndT(\n t: number,\n center: number,\n wide: boolean,\n amp: number,\n delta = false,\n pacedSpike = false,\n spec?: WaveformSpec,\n) {\n const sigma = wide ? 16 : 9;\n let v = -0.15 * amp * (1 + (spec?.qDeep ? 1.4 : 0)) * gauss(t, center - 2.3 * sigma, sigma * 0.55)\n + amp * gauss(t, center, sigma * 0.55)\n - 0.3 * amp * gauss(t, center + 2.3 * sigma, sigma * 0.55);\n if (wide) v += 0.35 * amp * gauss(t, center + 4 * sigma, sigma * 0.9);\n if (delta) v += 0.3 * amp * gauss(t, center - 3.2 * sigma, sigma * 1.4);\n if (pacedSpike) v += 0.9 * gauss(t, center - 3.5 * sigma, 1.5);\n if (spec?.osbornWave) v += 0.35 * amp * gauss(t, center + 2.6 * sigma, sigma * 0.6);\n\n const qtOffset = spec?.qtOffsetMs ?? 0;\n const tc = center + (wide ? 260 : 210) + qtOffset;\n const tAmpScale = spec?.tAmpScale ?? 1;\n const tSign = spec?.tInvert ? -1 : 1;\n v += tSign * 0.28 * amp * tAmpScale * gauss(t, tc, 65);\n\n if (spec?.stElevation) v += 0.22 * amp * gauss(t, center + (wide ? 150 : 120), 90);\n if (spec?.stDepression) v -= 0.16 * amp * gauss(t, center + (wide ? 150 : 120), 90);\n if (spec?.stScoop) v -= 0.14 * amp * gauss(t, center + 140, 100);\n if (spec?.uWave) v += 0.09 * amp * gauss(t, tc + 130, 45);\n\n return v;\n}\n\nfunction sawtooth(t: number, period: number) {\n const x = (((t % period) + period) % period) / period;\n return x * 2 - 1;\n}\n\ninterface BeatEvent {\n pCenter?: number;\n qrsCenter?: number;\n spikeCenter?: number;\n wide?: boolean;\n amp?: number;\n pAmp?: number;\n delta?: boolean;\n pacedSpike?: boolean;\n}\n\nfunction rr(rate: number) {\n return 60000 / rate;\n}\n\nfunction buildEvents(spec: WaveformSpec): BeatEvent[] {\n const events: BeatEvent[] = [];\n\n switch (spec.pattern) {\n case \"regular\": {\n const rate = rand(spec.rateMin ?? 70, spec.rateMax ?? 90);\n const interval = rr(rate);\n const jitterRange = spec.irregular ? 0.18 : 0.03;\n let t = rand(150, 400);\n let i = 0;\n while (t < DURATION - 150) {\n const amp = spec.alternans ? (i % 2 === 0 ? 1.3 : 0.72) : 1;\n events.push({\n qrsCenter: t,\n pCenter: spec.hasPWave ? t - (spec.prMs ?? 150) : undefined,\n wide: spec.wide,\n amp,\n delta: spec.delta,\n pacedSpike: spec.pacedSpike,\n });\n t += interval * rand(1 - jitterRange, 1 + jitterRange);\n i++;\n }\n break;\n }\n case \"pause\": {\n const rate = rand(spec.rateMin ?? 60, spec.rateMax ?? 100);\n const interval = rr(rate);\n const beatTimes: number[] = [];\n let t = rand(150, 400);\n while (t < DURATION - 150) {\n beatTimes.push(t);\n t += interval;\n }\n const pauseIdx = Math.min(beatTimes.length - 2, Math.max(1, Math.floor(beatTimes.length / 2)));\n for (let i = 0; i < beatTimes.length; i++) {\n if (i === pauseIdx) continue; // dropped beat -> visible pause\n events.push({\n qrsCenter: beatTimes[i],\n pCenter: spec.hasPWave !== false ? beatTimes[i] - (spec.prMs ?? 160) : undefined,\n wide: false,\n amp: 1,\n });\n }\n break;\n }\n case \"multifocal\": {\n const rate = rand(spec.rateMin ?? 70, spec.rateMax ?? 100);\n const interval = rr(rate);\n const jitterRange = spec.irregular ? 0.3 : 0.15;\n let t = rand(150, 400);\n while (t < DURATION - 150) {\n const pAmp = rand(0.55, 1.4);\n const prOffset = rand(110, 190);\n if (spec.wide) {\n events.push({ qrsCenter: t, wide: true, amp: rand(0.8, 1.3) });\n } else {\n events.push({ qrsCenter: t, pCenter: t - prOffset, pAmp, wide: false, amp: 1 });\n }\n t += interval * rand(1 - jitterRange, 1 + jitterRange);\n }\n break;\n }\n case \"ectopic\": {\n const baseRate = rand(spec.baseRateMin ?? 60, spec.baseRateMax ?? 90);\n const interval = rr(baseRate);\n const beatTimes: number[] = [];\n let t = rand(150, 400);\n while (t < DURATION - 150) {\n beatTimes.push(t);\n t += interval;\n }\n const count = Math.min(spec.count ?? 1, Math.max(1, beatTimes.length - 2));\n const step = Math.floor(beatTimes.length / (count + 1));\n const ecIdxs = new Set();\n for (let k = 1; k <= count; k++) ecIdxs.add(Math.min(beatTimes.length - 2, step * k));\n for (let i = 0; i < beatTimes.length; i++) {\n if (ecIdxs.has(i)) {\n const early = beatTimes[i] - interval * rand(0.25, 0.4);\n const wide = spec.ectopicSubtype === \"ventricular\" || !!spec.wide;\n events.push({\n qrsCenter: early,\n pCenter: spec.ectopicSubtype === \"atrial\" ? early - 100 : undefined,\n wide,\n amp: wide ? rand(0.85, 1.25) : 0.95,\n });\n for (let j = i + 1; j < beatTimes.length; j++) beatTimes[j] += interval * 0.3;\n } else {\n events.push({ qrsCenter: beatTimes[i], pCenter: beatTimes[i] - 150, wide: false, amp: 1 });\n }\n }\n break;\n }\n case \"patternedEctopy\": {\n const rate = rand(spec.baseRateMin ?? 60, spec.baseRateMax ?? 90);\n const interval = rr(rate);\n const unit = spec.unit ?? 2;\n let t = rand(150, 400);\n let i = 0;\n while (t < DURATION - 150) {\n const isEctopic = i % unit === unit - 1;\n if (isEctopic) {\n const wide = spec.ectopicSubtype === \"ventricular\" || !!spec.wide;\n events.push({\n qrsCenter: t,\n pCenter: spec.ectopicSubtype === \"atrial\" ? t - 100 : undefined,\n wide,\n amp: wide ? 1.15 : 0.95,\n });\n } else {\n events.push({ qrsCenter: t, pCenter: t - 150, wide: false, amp: 1 });\n }\n i++;\n t += interval;\n }\n break;\n }\n case \"burstEctopy\": {\n const rate = rand(spec.baseRateMin ?? 60, spec.baseRateMax ?? 90);\n const interval = rr(rate);\n let t = rand(150, 400);\n const mid = DURATION / 2;\n let burstDone = false;\n while (t < DURATION - 150) {\n if (!burstDone && t > mid) {\n const burst = spec.burstLength ?? 2;\n const burstRate = rand(spec.burstRateMin ?? 150, spec.burstRateMax ?? 200);\n const burstInterval = rr(burstRate);\n let bt = t;\n for (let b = 0; b < burst; b++) {\n events.push({ qrsCenter: bt, wide: true, amp: 1.15 });\n bt += burstInterval;\n }\n t = bt + interval * 0.5;\n burstDone = true;\n continue;\n }\n events.push({ qrsCenter: t, pCenter: t - 150, wide: false, amp: 1 });\n t += interval;\n }\n break;\n }\n case \"parasystole\": {\n const sinusRate = rand(60, 90);\n let t = rand(150, 400);\n while (t < DURATION - 150) {\n events.push({ qrsCenter: t, pCenter: t - 150, wide: false, amp: 1 });\n t += rr(sinusRate) * rand(0.97, 1.03);\n }\n const paraRate = rand(30, 50);\n let pt = rand(300, 900);\n while (pt < DURATION - 150) {\n events.push({ qrsCenter: pt, wide: true, amp: 1.1 });\n pt += rr(paraRate);\n }\n break;\n }\n case \"tachyBrady\": {\n const slowRate = rand(35, 50);\n let t = rand(150, 400);\n while (t < DURATION * 0.35) {\n events.push({ qrsCenter: t, pCenter: t - 160, wide: false, amp: 1 });\n t += rr(slowRate);\n }\n while (t < DURATION * 0.75) {\n events.push({ qrsCenter: t, wide: false, amp: 0.95 });\n t += rr(rand(100, 160)) * rand(0.7, 1.3);\n }\n while (t < DURATION - 150) {\n events.push({ qrsCenter: t, pCenter: t - 160, wide: false, amp: 1 });\n t += rr(slowRate);\n }\n break;\n }\n case \"failToCapture\": {\n const rate = rand(spec.rateMin ?? 60, spec.rateMax ?? 70);\n const interval = rr(rate);\n let t = rand(150, 400);\n let i = 0;\n while (t < DURATION - 150) {\n const failed = i % 5 === 4;\n if (failed) {\n events.push({ spikeCenter: t });\n } else {\n events.push({ qrsCenter: t, pacedSpike: true, wide: false, amp: 1 });\n }\n i++;\n t += interval;\n }\n break;\n }\n case \"failToSense\": {\n const rate = rand(spec.rateMin ?? 60, spec.rateMax ?? 90);\n let t = rand(150, 400);\n while (t < DURATION - 150) {\n events.push({ qrsCenter: t, pCenter: t - 150, wide: false, amp: 1 });\n t += rr(rate);\n }\n const deviceRate = rand(65, 75);\n let st = rand(100, 300);\n while (st < DURATION - 100) {\n events.push({ spikeCenter: st });\n st += rr(deviceRate);\n }\n break;\n }\n case \"idioventricularCapture\": {\n const rate = rand(spec.rateMin ?? 20, spec.rateMax ?? 40);\n const interval = rr(rate);\n const beatTimes: number[] = [];\n let t = rand(150, 400);\n while (t < DURATION - 150) {\n beatTimes.push(t);\n t += interval;\n }\n const capIdx = Math.min(beatTimes.length - 2, Math.max(1, Math.floor(beatTimes.length / 2)));\n for (let i = 0; i < beatTimes.length; i++) {\n const capture = i === capIdx;\n events.push({\n qrsCenter: beatTimes[i],\n pCenter: capture ? beatTimes[i] - 150 : undefined,\n wide: !capture,\n amp: capture ? 1 : 1.1,\n });\n }\n break;\n }\n case \"afib\": {\n let t = rand(100, 300);\n while (t < DURATION - 150) {\n events.push({ qrsCenter: t, wide: false, amp: 0.95 });\n t += rr(rand(spec.rateMin ?? 70, spec.rateMax ?? 150)) * rand(0.7, 1.3);\n }\n break;\n }\n case \"aflutter\": {\n const ratios = spec.ratios ?? [2, 3, 4];\n const ratio = ratios[Math.floor(Math.random() * ratios.length)];\n const atrialRate = spec.atrialRate ?? 300;\n const period = rr(atrialRate);\n let t = rand(50, 150);\n let count = 0;\n while (t < DURATION - 100) {\n if (count % ratio === 0) events.push({ qrsCenter: t, wide: false, amp: 0.9 });\n t += period;\n count++;\n }\n break;\n }\n case \"wenckebach\": {\n const rate = rand(spec.rateMin ?? 60, spec.rateMax ?? 90);\n const pInterval = rr(rate);\n const startPr = spec.startPrMs ?? 160;\n const inc = spec.prIncrementMs ?? 40;\n const cycle = spec.cycleBeats ?? 4;\n let t = rand(150, 300);\n let pr = startPr;\n let beatInCycle = 0;\n while (t < DURATION - 150) {\n const dropped = beatInCycle === cycle - 1;\n if (dropped) {\n events.push({ pCenter: t });\n pr = startPr;\n } else {\n events.push({ pCenter: t, qrsCenter: t + pr, wide: false, amp: 1 });\n pr += inc;\n }\n beatInCycle = (beatInCycle + 1) % cycle;\n t += pInterval;\n }\n break;\n }\n case \"type2block\": {\n const rate = rand(spec.rateMin ?? 60, spec.rateMax ?? 90);\n const pInterval = rr(rate);\n const pr = spec.prMs ?? 180;\n const dropEvery = spec.dropEvery ?? 4;\n let t = rand(150, 300);\n let i = 0;\n while (t < DURATION - 150) {\n const dropped = i % dropEvery === dropEvery - 1;\n events.push({ pCenter: t, qrsCenter: dropped ? undefined : t + pr, wide: spec.wide, amp: 1 });\n t += pInterval;\n i++;\n }\n break;\n }\n case \"thirdDegree\": {\n const aRate = rand(spec.atrialRateMin ?? 70, spec.atrialRateMax ?? 100);\n const vRate = rand(spec.ventricularRateMin ?? 30, spec.ventricularRateMax ?? 50);\n let pt = rand(50, 200);\n while (pt < DURATION - 100) {\n events.push({ pCenter: pt });\n pt += rr(aRate);\n }\n let qt = rand(50, 200);\n while (qt < DURATION - 100) {\n events.push({ qrsCenter: qt, wide: spec.wide, amp: 1 });\n qt += rr(vRate);\n }\n break;\n }\n case \"torsades\": {\n const rate = rand(spec.rateMin ?? 150, spec.rateMax ?? 220);\n let t = rand(100, 300);\n let i = 0;\n while (t < DURATION - 150) {\n const amp = 0.55 + 0.55 * Math.sin(i * 0.9);\n events.push({ qrsCenter: t, wide: true, amp: Math.max(0.25, Math.abs(amp)) * (amp < 0 ? 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