\",\n \"\",\n \"
\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 3,\n \"topic\": \"html\",\n \"quiz\": 1,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. The
(line break) tag inserts a single line break within a paragraph without starting a new paragraph block.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is
— this is the HTML tag for inserting a line break within existing text content.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2020\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q130\",\n \"question\": \"Which attribute should be used to display text if the browser can't show the image?\",\n \"options\": [\n \"title\",\n \"src\",\n \"caption\",\n \"alt\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 3,\n \"topic\": \"html\",\n \"quiz\": 1,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. The alt attribute provides alternative text that is displayed when an image cannot be shown and is also used by screen readers for accessibility.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is alt — the alt attribute specifies alternative text for an image when it cannot be displayed.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2020\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q131\",\n \"question\": \"Which of the following HTML tags don't need a closing tag?\",\n \"options\": [\n \"

\",\n \"

\",\n \"\",\n \"
\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 3,\n \"topic\": \"html\",\n \"quiz\": 1,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct.
is a void element (self-closing) — it does not have any content and therefore does not need (and cannot have) a closing tag.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is
because it is a void element that represents a line break and has no content to wrap, so no closing tag is needed.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2020\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q132\",\n \"question\": \"Which file allocation method is the fastest at retrieving blocks when we don't care about the efficiency of the on-disk storage?\",\n \"options\": [\n \"Chained Allocation\",\n \"Indexed Allocation\",\n \"FAT Allocation\",\n \"Contiguous Allocation\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 3,\n \"topic\": \"file-systems\",\n \"quiz\": 1,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. Contiguous allocation is the fastest for reading because all blocks are adjacent on disk — the read head doesn't need to seek to different locations, giving O(1) random access.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is Contiguous Allocation because all data blocks are stored sequentially on disk, allowing any block to be accessed with a single seek and minimal head movement.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2020\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q133\",\n \"question\": \"Where are the configuration files normally stored for a UNIX system?\",\n \"options\": [\n \"/bin\",\n \"/home\",\n \"/var\",\n \"/etc\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 3,\n \"topic\": \"operating-systems\",\n \"quiz\": 1,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. On Unix/Linux systems, /etc is the standard directory for system-wide configuration files.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is /etc — this directory conventionally holds all system configuration files on Unix/Linux systems.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2020\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q134\",\n \"question\": \"Where does the doctype go on a web page?\",\n \"options\": [\n \"Inside the tag\",\n \"At the end of the HTML file\",\n \"After the tag\",\n \"Above the tag\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 3,\n \"topic\": \"html\",\n \"quiz\": 1,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. The DOCTYPE declaration must appear at the very top of an HTML document, before the tag, to tell the browser which version of HTML is being used.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is above the tag — the DOCTYPE declaration must be the very first thing in an HTML file.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2020\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q135\",\n \"question\": \"Which attribute in an tag creates a link to an anchor?\",\n \"options\": [\n \"name\",\n \"id\",\n \"src\",\n \"href\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 3,\n \"topic\": \"html\",\n \"quiz\": 1,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. The href attribute in an tag specifies the destination of the hyperlink, including links to anchors using the # symbol (e.g. href=\\\"#section1\\\").\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is href — the href attribute defines the hyperlink destination in an anchor tag, and can reference a named anchor using #anchorname.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2020\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q136\",\n \"question\": \"Which of the following is not valid notation?\",\n \"options\": [\n \"(X AND Y) OR Z\",\n \"NOT(X AND Y)\",\n \"X AND (Y OR Z)\",\n \"X AND Y OR Z (mixing AND and OR at the same level without parentheses is ambiguous)\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 3,\n \"topic\": \"boolean-logic\",\n \"quiz\": 2,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. Writing X AND Y OR Z without parentheses is ambiguous because it doesn't clearly define operator precedence — it could mean (X AND Y) OR Z or X AND (Y OR Z). Parentheses are required for unambiguous notation.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is X AND Y OR Z without parentheses because mixing AND and OR operators at the same level without parentheses creates ambiguous notation.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2020\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q137\",\n \"question\": \"What does the Kernel do in an operating system?\",\n \"options\": [\n \"Provides the user interface for the operating system\",\n \"Manages user accounts and file permissions only\",\n \"Runs all application programs directly\",\n \"Controls the hardware directly\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 3,\n \"topic\": \"operating-systems\",\n \"quiz\": 1,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. The kernel is the core of an operating system that has direct control over all hardware — it manages CPU scheduling, memory, device drivers, and system calls.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is controls the hardware directly — the kernel is the privileged core of the OS responsible for low-level hardware management.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2020\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q138\",\n \"question\": \"Not (Z AND Z) OR (X AND Z) is logically equivalent to?\",\n \"options\": [\n \"NOT(Z) AND NOT(X)\",\n \"X AND NOT(Z)\",\n \"Z OR NOT(X)\",\n \"NOT(Z) OR X\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 3,\n \"topic\": \"boolean-logic\",\n \"quiz\": 2,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. NOT(Z AND Z) simplifies to NOT(Z), since Z AND Z = Z. Then NOT(Z) OR (X AND Z) = NOT(Z) OR X using the absorption/distribution law.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is NOT(Z) OR X. Simplify NOT(Z AND Z) to NOT(Z), then NOT(Z) OR (X AND Z) reduces to NOT(Z) OR X.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2020\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q139\",\n \"question\": \"Which of the following is the best example of a \\\"Fat\\\" client?\",\n \"options\": [\n \"A web browser accessing a cloud application\",\n \"A terminal connected to a mainframe\",\n \"A thin client device accessing a remote desktop server\",\n \"Microsoft Access when connecting to a SQL server database\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 3,\n \"topic\": \"client-server\",\n \"quiz\": 1,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. Microsoft Access is a fat (thick) client because the application does significant local processing — it runs the database UI and business logic locally while accessing data stored on the SQL server.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is Microsoft Access connecting to a SQL server because the Access application performs substantial processing on the client machine, making it a fat client.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2020\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q140\",\n \"question\": \"(A or B) and not(C) is logically the same as?\",\n \"options\": [\n \"A and B and not(C)\",\n \"not(A) and not(B) and C\",\n \"A or (B and not(C))\",\n \"(A and not(C)) or (B and not(C))\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 3,\n \"topic\": \"boolean-logic\",\n \"quiz\": 2,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. By the distributive law of boolean algebra: (A OR B) AND NOT(C) = (A AND NOT(C)) OR (B AND NOT(C)).\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is (A and not(C)) or (B and not(C)). This is the distributive law: (A OR B) AND NOT(C) distributes to (A AND NOT(C)) OR (B AND NOT(C)).\"\n },\n \"year\": 2020\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q141\",\n \"question\": \"What is the main difference between a classic (or basic) peer-to-peer architecture versus a hybrid peer-to-peer?\",\n \"options\": [\n \"Hybrid peer-to-peer uses only wired connections\",\n \"Hybrid peer-to-peer typically involves one or more servers\",\n \"Classic peer-to-peer requires a central authentication server\",\n \"Hybrid peer-to-peer cannot share files between peers\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 1,\n \"topic\": \"networking\",\n \"quiz\": 2,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. In a hybrid peer-to-peer architecture, one or more central servers assist with tasks like peer discovery or indexing, whereas classic (pure) P2P has no central servers at all.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is that hybrid peer-to-peer typically involves one or more servers — unlike pure P2P, hybrid P2P uses servers to help coordinate peers (e.g. for discovery or indexing).\"\n },\n \"year\": 2020\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q142\",\n \"question\": \"Not(A and not(B)) is logically the same as?\",\n \"options\": [\n \"Not(A) AND Not(B)\",\n \"A AND B\",\n \"Not(A) OR B\",\n \"A OR Not(B)\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 2,\n \"topic\": \"boolean-logic\",\n \"quiz\": 2,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. By De Morgan's law: NOT(A AND NOT(B)) = NOT(A) OR NOT(NOT(B)) = NOT(A) OR B.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is NOT(A) OR B. Applying De Morgan's law: NOT(A AND NOT(B)) = NOT(A) OR NOT(NOT(B)) = NOT(A) OR B.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2020\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q143\",\n \"question\": \"I have a program which runs in the background and manages my network connection. In operating systems terminology, what is this called?\",\n \"options\": [\n \"A shell\",\n \"A kernel module\",\n \"A daemon (or service/background process)\",\n \"An interrupt handler\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 2,\n \"topic\": \"operating-systems\",\n \"quiz\": 1,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. A daemon (also called a service or background process) is a program that runs in the background without direct user interaction, often managing system resources such as network connections.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is a daemon (or service/background process) — daemons run silently in the background handling system tasks like managing network connections.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2020\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q144\",\n \"question\": \"The faculty of engineering and IT has labs and offices in over 14 levels in building 11 and they are all connected via a network. Which term best describes this network?\",\n \"options\": [\n \"A wide area network (WAN)\",\n \"A metropolitan area network (MAN)\",\n \"A personal area network (PAN)\",\n \"A local area network (LAN)\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 3,\n \"topic\": \"networking\",\n \"quiz\": 2,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. A LAN (Local Area Network) covers a limited geographic area such as a single building or campus, making it the best description for computers connected within one building.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is a local area network (LAN) — a LAN spans a single building or campus, which fits all the labs and offices in building 11 being connected.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2020\n }\n]","deleted","label",[179,180,163],"valtown","chunks","permalink","https://www.val.town/x/cookiemonster0921/webSystemsQuiz2/code/valtown/chunks/2020_p06.json","extension","json","actionData","errors"]