hello

\",\n \"options\": [\n \"Red, because the stylesheet is defined in the head\",\n \"Green, the browser default color\",\n \"Purple, a mix of red and blue\",\n \"Blue, because inline style overrides the stylesheet\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 3,\n \"topic\": \"css\",\n \"quiz\": 1,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. In CSS specificity, inline styles (applied directly via the style attribute) have the highest specificity and override styles defined in a stylesheet.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is Blue because the inline style attribute (style=\\\"color: blue\\\") overrides the external/embedded stylesheet rule due to higher CSS specificity.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2020\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q83\",\n \"question\": \"A chained file system has a file made up of 1000 blocks. Roughly how many times does the file system have to be accessed to find the 27th block?\",\n \"options\": [\n \"1\",\n \"3\",\n \"1000\",\n \"27\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 3,\n \"topic\": \"file-systems\",\n \"quiz\": 1,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. In chained (linked) allocation, each block contains a pointer to the next block. To reach the 27th block you must follow the chain sequentially: 27 disk accesses.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is 27 because in chained allocation there is no direct indexing — you must follow each pointer in the chain one block at a time to reach block 27.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2020\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q84\",\n \"question\": \"You have a HTML table and it is 3 rows down and 4 columns across. You need to join the top cell in each column so it spans two columns. Which HTML attribute would you use?\",\n \"options\": [\n \"rowspan\",\n \"cellspan\",\n \"merge\",\n \"colspan\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 3,\n \"topic\": \"html\",\n \"quiz\": 1,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. The colspan attribute in a or element specifies how many columns that cell should span horizontally.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is colspan — this attribute makes a table cell extend across multiple columns.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2020\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q85\",\n \"question\": \"Most file systems are organised as trees. What is an \\\"edge\\\" of a tree in regard to a filesystem?\",\n \"options\": [\n \"The root directory at the top of the tree\",\n \"A file stored at the end of the directory structure\",\n \"A hard link between two inodes\",\n \"This is a \\\"branch\\\" of the tree — the connection between a parent and child directory.\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 3,\n \"topic\": \"file-systems\",\n \"quiz\": 1,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. In tree theory, an edge connects two nodes. In a file system tree, an edge represents the connection (link/path) between a parent directory and its child directory or file.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is that an edge is the connection between a parent and child directory — it represents the branch/path linking two nodes in the directory tree.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2020\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q86\",\n \"question\": \"How would an index allocation based file system increase the size of a file when the addresses of its data blocks in the inode are all full?\",\n \"options\": [\n \"Create a new inode and link them together with a forward pointer\",\n \"Extend the inode by adding more direct pointer fields\",\n \"Allocate a new contiguous region and copy all existing data blocks there\",\n \"Use an indirect block to point to the address of data or more address blocks.\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 3,\n \"topic\": \"file-systems\",\n \"quiz\": 1,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. When the direct block pointers in an inode are exhausted, the file system uses indirect blocks — a block that itself contains pointers to data blocks (or further indirect blocks).\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is to use an indirect block to point to additional data or address blocks, allowing the inode to reference more data than its direct pointers allow.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2020\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q87\",\n \"question\": \"Which of the following are not commonly found in Graphical User Interfaces?\",\n \"options\": [\n \"Icons and visual menus\",\n \"Mouse-driven navigation\",\n \"Window-based applications\",\n \"Command prompt\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 3,\n \"topic\": \"operating-systems\",\n \"quiz\": 1,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. A command prompt (text-based CLI) is the opposite of a GUI — GUIs use windows, icons, menus and a pointing device, not text command entry.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is Command prompt because a command-line interface is specifically not a feature of GUIs — GUIs replace text commands with visual elements.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2020\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q88\",\n \"question\": \"With regards to SMTP, what is the difference between a Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) and a Mail User Agent (MUA)?\",\n \"options\": [\n \"An MTA stores email; an MUA delivers email\",\n \"An MTA encrypts email; an MUA decrypts email\",\n \"An MTA and MUA are identical — both are mail servers\",\n \"A MTA is typically a mail server and a mail client, while a MUA is typically a mail client only\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 3,\n \"topic\": \"networking\",\n \"quiz\": 2,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. An MTA (Mail Transfer Agent) is server software that routes and transfers email between servers. An MUA (Mail User Agent) is the client application (like Outlook or Thunderbird) that the end-user uses to compose and read email.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is that an MTA acts as the mail server/relay while an MUA is the end-user email client application.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2020\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q89\",\n \"question\": \"If I connect to a system over port 143 what am I most likely doing?\",\n \"options\": [\n \"Sending email (SMTP)\",\n \"Retrieving email (POP3)\",\n \"Transferring files (FTP)\",\n \"Retrieving email (IMAP)\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 3,\n \"topic\": \"networking\",\n \"quiz\": 2,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. Port 143 is the standard port for IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol), which allows email clients to access and manage messages stored on a mail server.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is Retrieving email (IMAP) because port 143 is assigned to the IMAP protocol.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2020\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q90\",\n \"question\": \"Convert decimal 17160 to binary\",\n \"options\": [\n \"0100001100001000\",\n \"0100001100011000\",\n \"0100001110001000\",\n \"0100001100001100\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 0,\n \"topic\": \"number-systems\",\n \"quiz\": 2,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. 17160 = 16384 + 512 + 256 + 8 = 0100001100001000.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is 0100001100001000. 17160 = 2^14 + 2^9 + 2^8 + 2^3 = 16384+512+256+8 = 17160.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2020\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q91\",\n \"question\": \"What are the main differences between a modem and a NIC (network interface card)?\",\n \"options\": [\n \"A modem connects wirelessly; a NIC connects via cable only\",\n \"A modem is faster than a NIC for internet connections\",\n \"A modem and NIC are interchangeable for home internet connections\",\n \"A modem converts between analog signals and digital signals. A NIC directly connects to a digital network.\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 3,\n \"topic\": \"networking\",\n \"quiz\": 2,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. A modem (modulator-demodulator) converts digital data to/from analog signals for transmission over phone lines. A NIC connects a computer directly to a digital network (like Ethernet).\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is that a modem converts between analog and digital signals, while a NIC directly connects to a digital network.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2020\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q92\",\n \"question\": \"Convert binary 0101101001101111 to decimal\",\n \"options\": [\n \"23407\",\n \"22895\",\n \"23151\",\n \"23663\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 2,\n \"topic\": \"number-systems\",\n \"quiz\": 2,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. 0101101001101111 = 16384+4096+2048+512+256+64+32+8+4+2+1 = 23151.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is 23151. Adding the positional values of each set bit in 0101101001101111 yields 23151.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2020\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q93\",\n \"question\": \"Convert binary 1001000101110100 to Hexadecimal\",\n \"options\": [\n \"9174\",\n \"8174\",\n \"9274\",\n \"9164\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 0,\n \"topic\": \"number-systems\",\n \"quiz\": 2,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. Split into nibbles: 1001=9, 0001=1, 0111=7, 0100=4 → 9174.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is 9174. Grouping the binary into 4-bit nibbles: 1001=9, 0001=1, 0111=7, 0100=4 gives 9174.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2020\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q94\",\n \"question\": \"Convert Hexadecimal 5BA3 to Decimal\",\n \"options\": [\n \"23715\",\n \"23203\",\n \"23971\",\n \"23459\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 3,\n \"topic\": \"number-systems\",\n \"quiz\": 2,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. 5BA3 hex = 5×16³ + 11×16² + 10×16¹ + 3×16⁰ = 20480 + 2816 + 160 + 3 = 23459.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is 23459. 5×4096 + B(11)×256 + A(10)×16 + 3×1 = 20480+2816+160+3 = 23459.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2020\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q95\",\n \"question\": \"Which of the following security mechanisms would help detect a failure of Integrity?\",\n \"options\": [\n \"Using strong password policies\",\n \"Using public key encryption for all transmissions\",\n \"Implementing a firewall to block external access\",\n \"Using an Audit Trail\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 3,\n \"topic\": \"security\",\n \"quiz\": 2,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. An audit trail records all changes and access to data, making it possible to detect and investigate unauthorised modifications — detecting failures of integrity.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is Using an Audit Trail because an audit log records who changed what and when, which is the primary tool for detecting integrity violations.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2020\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q96\",\n \"question\": \"To try and reduce the inconsistency in Unix commands and their operation, a set of standards was defined. What were they?\",\n \"options\": [\n \"RFC standards\",\n \"ISO 9001 standards\",\n \"GNU standards\",\n \"POSIX\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 3,\n \"topic\": \"operating-systems\",\n \"quiz\": 1,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. POSIX (Portable Operating System Interface) is a family of standards defined by IEEE to ensure compatibility and consistency across Unix-like operating systems.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is POSIX — these standards were created to standardise the Unix programming interface and command behaviour across different Unix implementations.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2020\n }\n]","deleted","label",[179,180,163],"valtown","chunks","permalink","https://www.val.town/x/cookiemonster0921/webSystemsQuiz2/code/valtown/chunks/2020_p04.json","extension","json","actionData","errors"]