 tag preserves whitespace and line breaks, displaying text exactly as written in the HTML source.\",\n      \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is pre. The  tag is specifically designed to render preformatted text with whitespace and line breaks preserved.\"\n    },\n    \"year\": 2017\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": \"q2\",\n    \"question\": \"Which type of security attack would it be if I were to fabricate your login to UTS online?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Integrity attack\",\n      \"Confidentiality attack\",\n      \"Availability attack\",\n      \"Authenticity attack\"\n    ],\n    \"correctIndex\": 3,\n    \"topic\": \"security\",\n    \"quiz\": 2,\n    \"feedback\": {\n      \"correct\": \"Correct. Fabricating someone's login creates a false identity, which is an Authenticity attack — it undermines proof of who someone really is.\",\n      \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is Authenticity attack. Fabricating a login impersonates someone, which attacks the authenticity (identity) of the user, not data integrity or confidentiality.\"\n    },\n    \"year\": 2017\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": \"q3\",\n    \"question\": \"With regards to security, what does Availability mean?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Ensuring authorised users have access to information/processing when required\",\n      \"Information is accessible only to the intended recipient\",\n      \"Safeguarding accuracy and completeness of information\",\n      \"It can be proved that the sender did send a given message\"\n    ],\n    \"correctIndex\": 0,\n    \"topic\": \"security\",\n    \"quiz\": 2,\n    \"feedback\": {\n      \"correct\": \"Correct. Availability means authorised users can access systems and data whenever they need to — denial of service attacks target this property.\",\n      \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is 'Ensuring authorised users have access to information/processing when required'. Availability is one of the CIA triad properties focused on uptime and access.\"\n    },\n    \"year\": 2017\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": \"q4\",\n    \"question\": \"How would an index allocation based file system increase the size of a file when the addresses of its data blocks in the inode are all full?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Use an indirect block to point to the address of data or more address blocks.\",\n      \"Replace a data block with an address of an indirect block which in turn points to more data blocks.\",\n      \"Allocate a new inode and link it to the existing inode.\",\n      \"Extend the inode table to accommodate additional direct block pointers.\"\n    ],\n    \"correctIndex\": 0,\n    \"topic\": \"file-systems\",\n    \"quiz\": 1,\n    \"feedback\": {\n      \"correct\": \"Correct. When direct block pointers in the inode are exhausted, an indirect block is used — it holds addresses of more data blocks, allowing the file to grow.\",\n      \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is 'Use an indirect block to point to the address of data or more address blocks.' Indirect blocks extend the file's capacity without modifying the inode directly.\"\n    },\n    \"year\": 2017\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": \"q1\",\n    \"question\": \"Which is the most correct statement: In a scripting language such as Bash ...\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"commands must be compiled before running\",\n      \"commands are executed just as if they had been typed on the command line\",\n      \"scripts run faster than compiled programs\",\n      \"each command must be declared before use\"\n    ],\n    \"correctIndex\": 1,\n    \"topic\": \"scripting\",\n    \"quiz\": 1,\n    \"feedback\": {\n      \"correct\": \"Correct. In a scripting language like Bash, commands in the script are executed exactly as if the user had typed them directly at the command line — there is no compilation step.\",\n      \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is 'commands are executed just as if they had been typed on the command line' because Bash scripts are interpreted line by line, not compiled.\"\n    },\n    \"year\": 2017\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": \"q2\",\n    \"question\": \"what is the correct HTML code for making a hyperlink to a website?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"website\",\n      \"http://outside.website.com\",\n      \"website\",\n      \"http://outside.website.com\"\n    ],\n    \"correctIndex\": 0,\n    \"topic\": \"html\",\n    \"quiz\": 1,\n    \"feedback\": {\n      \"correct\": \"Correct. The  tag with the href attribute is the correct HTML element for creating a hyperlink.\",\n      \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is website because the anchor tag with the href attribute defines the destination URL.\"\n    },\n    \"year\": 2017\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": \"q3\",\n    \"question\": \"Which of the following best represents the color RED in HTML?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"#00FF00\",\n      \"#0000FF\",\n      \"#FF0000\",\n      \"#FF00FF\"\n    ],\n    \"correctIndex\": 2,\n    \"topic\": \"html\",\n    \"quiz\": 1,\n    \"feedback\": {\n      \"correct\": \"Correct. #FF0000 is full red (FF), no green (00), no blue (00) in the RGB hex colour model.\",\n      \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is #FF0000 because in HTML hex colour codes the first two digits are red, and FF represents maximum red intensity.\"\n    },\n    \"year\": 2017\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": \"q1\",\n    \"question\": \"Convert binary 1000010101110110 to Hexadecimal\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"8576\",\n      \"85B6\",\n      \"8472\",\n      \"8756\"\n    ],\n    \"correctIndex\": 0,\n    \"topic\": \"number-systems\",\n    \"quiz\": 2,\n    \"feedback\": {\n      \"correct\": \"Correct. Grouping the binary into nibbles: 1000 0101 0111 0110 = 8 5 7 6 = 8576 in hexadecimal.\",\n      \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is 8576 — group the binary digits into 4-bit nibbles and convert each to its hex digit.\"\n    },\n    \"year\": 2017\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": \"q2\",\n    \"question\": \"NOT(X XOR Y) is logically equivalent to?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"(X OR NOT(Y)) AND (NOT(X) OR Y)\",\n      \"NOT(X) AND NOT(Y)\",\n      \"X AND Y\",\n      \"NOT(X) OR NOT(Y)\"\n    ],\n    \"correctIndex\": 0,\n    \"topic\": \"boolean-logic\",\n    \"quiz\": 2,\n    \"feedback\": {\n      \"correct\": \"Correct. NOT(X XOR Y) is the XNOR operation, which equals (X OR NOT(Y)) AND (NOT(X) OR Y) — true when X and Y have the same value.\",\n      \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is (X OR NOT(Y)) AND (NOT(X) OR Y) because NOT(XOR) = XNOR, which can be expanded using De Morgan's and distribution laws.\"\n    },\n    \"year\": 2017\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": \"q3\",\n    \"question\": \"Given this scenario:\\n- I want to access my email from various locations (such as from my wireless laptop, or from an internet cafe, or from university, or from home)\\n- I want to see the same folder structure, read/unmark tags, synchronization etc at each location.\\n\\nWhat would the BEST protocol to use in this situation?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A. POP\",\n      \"B. SMTP\",\n      \"C. FTP\",\n      \"D. HTTP\",\n      \"E. IMAP\"\n    ],\n    \"correctIndex\": 4,\n    \"topic\": \"networking\",\n    \"quiz\": 2,\n    \"feedback\": {\n      \"correct\": \"Correct. IMAP keeps email on the server and synchronises folder structure and read/unread status across multiple devices and locations.\",\n      \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is IMAP because it stores email on the server, allowing consistent access and synchronisation from any location or device.\"\n    },\n    \"year\": 2017\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": \"q1\",\n    \"question\": \"Convert Hexadecimal 2CF4 to binary\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"0010110011110100\",\n      \"0010110011110100\",\n      \"0010110011110100\",\n      \"0010110011110100\"\n    ],\n    \"correctIndex\": 0,\n    \"topic\": \"number-systems\",\n    \"quiz\": 2,\n    \"feedback\": {\n      \"correct\": \"Correct. 2=0010, C=1100, F=1111, 4=0100 → 0010110011110100.\",\n      \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is 0010110011110100 — convert each hex digit to a 4-bit binary group: 2→0010, C→1100, F→1111, 4→0100.\"\n    },\n    \"year\": 2017\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": \"q2\",\n    \"question\": \"Convert decimal 43639 to hexadecimal\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"AA77\",\n      \"AB77\",\n      \"AA78\",\n      \"A977\"\n    ],\n    \"correctIndex\": 0,\n    \"topic\": \"number-systems\",\n    \"quiz\": 2,\n    \"feedback\": {\n      \"correct\": \"Correct. 43639 ÷ 16 repeatedly gives AA77 in hexadecimal.\",\n      \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is AA77 — repeatedly divide 43639 by 16 and record the remainders.\"\n    },\n    \"year\": 2017\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": \"q3\",\n    \"question\": \"Which of the following are characteristics of logical memory?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Logical memory is always smaller than physical memory\",\n      \"Logical address space can be larger than the physical address space if virtual memory is available\",\n      \"Logical memory pages physical memory to hard disk\",\n      \"Logical addresses are the same as physical addresses\"\n    ],\n    \"correctIndex\": 1,\n    \"topic\": \"virtual-memory\",\n    \"quiz\": 2,\n    \"feedback\": {\n      \"correct\": \"Correct. With virtual memory, the logical address space seen by a process can exceed the actual physical RAM because pages are swapped to/from disk as needed.\",\n      \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is 'Logical address space can be larger than the physical address space if virtual memory is available' because virtual memory allows processes to use more address space than physically installed RAM.\"\n    },\n    \"year\": 2017\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": \"q4\",\n    \"question\": \"Convert decimal 54654 to binary\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1101010101110110\",\n      \"1101010101111110\",\n      \"1101010101111100\",\n      \"1100010101111110\"\n    ],\n    \"correctIndex\": 1,\n    \"topic\": \"number-systems\",\n    \"quiz\": 2,\n    \"feedback\": {\n      \"correct\": \"Correct. 54654 in binary is 1101010101111110.\",\n      \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is 1101010101111110 — convert decimal 54654 by successive division by 2.\"\n    },\n    \"year\": 2017\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": \"q1\",\n    \"question\": \"Convert Hexadecimal 2CF4 to binary\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"0010110011110100\",\n      \"0010110011110101\",\n      \"0010110111110100\",\n      \"0010100011110100\"\n    ],\n    \"correctIndex\": 0,\n    \"topic\": \"number-systems\",\n    \"quiz\": 2,\n    \"feedback\": {\n      \"correct\": \"Correct. 2=0010, C=1100, F=1111, 4=0100 → 0010110011110100.\",\n      \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is 0010110011110100. Convert each hex digit to 4 binary bits: 2→0010, C→1100, F→1111, 4→0100.\"\n    },\n    \"year\": 2017\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": \"q2\",\n    \"question\": \"Convert decimal 43639 to hexadecimal\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"AA77\",\n      \"AB77\",\n      \"AA87\",\n      \"BA77\"\n    ],\n    \"correctIndex\": 0,\n    \"topic\": \"number-systems\",\n    \"quiz\": 2,\n    \"feedback\": {\n      \"correct\": \"Correct. 43639 ÷ 16 repeatedly gives AA77.\",\n      \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is AA77. Divide 43639 by 16 repeatedly: 43639 = 10×16³ + 10×16² + 7×16 + 7 = AA77.\"\n    },\n    \"year\": 2017\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": \"q3\",\n    \"question\": \"Which of the following are characteristics of logical memory?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"Logical address space can be larger than the physical address space if virtual memory is available\",\n      \"Logical memory always matches physical memory in size\",\n      \"Logical memory maps physical addresses to cache\",\n      \"Logical memory is only available on 64-bit systems\"\n    ],\n    \"correctIndex\": 0,\n    \"topic\": \"virtual-memory\",\n    \"quiz\": 1,\n    \"feedback\": {\n      \"correct\": \"Correct. Virtual memory allows the logical address space seen by a process to exceed the actual physical RAM available, by using disk as overflow.\",\n      \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is 'Logical address space can be larger than the physical address space if virtual memory is available'. Logical addressing abstracts physical memory, enabling virtual memory.\"\n    },\n    \"year\": 2017\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": \"q4\",\n    \"question\": \"Convert decimal 54654 to binary\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"1101010101111110\",\n      \"1101010101111111\",\n      \"1101010100111110\",\n      \"1100010101111110\"\n    ],\n    \"correctIndex\": 0,\n    \"topic\": \"number-systems\",\n    \"quiz\": 2,\n    \"feedback\": {\n      \"correct\": \"Correct. 54654 in binary is 1101010101111110.\",\n      \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is 1101010101111110. Convert 54654 by repeatedly dividing by 2 and reading remainders in reverse.\"\n    },\n    \"year\": 2017\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": \"q1\",\n    \"question\": \"Which is the most typical middle tier in a three tier web architecture?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A database tier\",\n      \"An application tier\",\n      \"A presentation tier\",\n      \"A client tier\"\n    ],\n    \"correctIndex\": 1,\n    \"topic\": \"client-server\",\n    \"quiz\": 2,\n    \"feedback\": {\n      \"correct\": \"Correct. In a three-tier architecture the middle tier is the application/logic tier, sitting between the client (presentation) tier and the database tier.\",\n      \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is An application tier — it handles business logic between the client-facing presentation tier and the back-end database tier.\"\n    },\n    \"year\": 2017\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": \"q2\",\n    \"question\": \"Convert binary 0010100001101 to decimal\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"10457\",\n      \"1257\",\n      \"10397\",\n      \"10557\"\n    ],\n    \"correctIndex\": 0,\n    \"topic\": \"number-systems\",\n    \"quiz\": 2,\n    \"feedback\": {\n      \"correct\": \"Correct. Binary 0010100001101 converts to decimal 10457 by summing the positional values of the 1-bits.\",\n      \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is 10457 — add up 2^n for each position that has a 1 bit.\"\n    },\n    \"year\": 2017\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": \"q3\",\n    \"question\": \"Convert Hexadecimal A685 to Decimal\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"42501\",\n      \"42629\",\n      \"42869\",\n      \"43141\"\n    ],\n    \"correctIndex\": 1,\n    \"topic\": \"number-systems\",\n    \"quiz\": 2,\n    \"feedback\": {\n      \"correct\": \"Correct. A685 hex = 10×16³ + 6×16² + 8×16 + 5 = 40960 + 1536 + 128 + 5 = 42629.\",\n      \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is 42629 — multiply each hex digit by 16 raised to its positional power and sum the results.\"\n    },\n    \"year\": 2017\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": \"q1\",\n    \"question\": \"(A AND NOT(Y)) OR NOT(Z) is logically equivalent to?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"(X OR NOT(Y)) AND (NOT(X) OR Y)\",\n      \"(X OR NOT(Z)) AND (NOT(Y) OR Z)\",\n      \"(X AND NOT(Y)) OR NOT(Z)\",\n      \"NOT(Z) AND (A OR NOT(Y))\"\n    ],\n    \"correctIndex\": 2,\n    \"topic\": \"boolean-logic\",\n    \"quiz\": 1,\n    \"feedback\": {\n      \"correct\": \"Correct. The expression (X OR NOT(Y)) AND (NOT(X) OR Y) is logically equivalent as given by the correct answer shown.\",\n      \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer follows Boolean algebra equivalence rules applied to the given expression.\"\n    },\n    \"year\": 2017\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": \"q2\",\n    \"question\": \"Convert Hexadecimal 40A0 to binary\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"0100000010100000\",\n      \"0100000010100001\",\n      \"0110000010100000\",\n      \"0100000010110000\"\n    ],\n    \"correctIndex\": 0,\n    \"topic\": \"number-systems\",\n    \"quiz\": 1,\n    \"feedback\": {\n      \"correct\": \"Correct. 4=0100, 0=0000, A=1010, 0=0000 → 0100000010100000.\",\n      \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is 0100000010100000 — convert each hex digit to its 4-bit binary equivalent.\"\n    },\n    \"year\": 2017\n  }\n]","deleted","label",[179,180,163],"valtown","chunks","permalink","https://www.val.town/x/cookiemonster0921/webSystemsQuiz2/code/valtown/chunks/2017_p01.json","extension","json","actionData","errors"]