elements inside a

element in CSS?\",\n \"options\": [\n \"p.div\",\n \"div p\",\n \"div + p\",\n \"p div\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 1,\n \"topic\": \"css\",\n \"quiz\": 1,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. The descendant selector `div p` selects all

elements that are inside a

element.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is `div p` because a space between two selectors denotes a descendant relationship in CSS.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2016\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q2\",\n \"question\": \"Convert decimal 17069 to binary\",\n \"options\": [\n \"0100001010101101\",\n \"0100001010101101\",\n \"0100001010110101\",\n \"0100010010101101\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 0,\n \"topic\": \"number-systems\",\n \"quiz\": 2,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. 17069 in binary is 0100001010101101.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is 0100001010101101. Repeated division of 17069 by 2 yields this binary representation.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2016\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q3\",\n \"question\": \"Convert Hexadecimal 9393 to Decimal\",\n \"options\": [\n \"37779\",\n \"37789\",\n \"38779\",\n \"36779\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 0,\n \"topic\": \"number-systems\",\n \"quiz\": 2,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. 9×16³ + 3×16² + 9×16 + 3 = 36864 + 768 + 144 + 3 = 37779.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is 37779 because 9393 hex = 9×4096 + 3×256 + 9×16 + 3 = 37779.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2016\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q4\",\n \"question\": \"Convert binary 0010011111001011 to Hexadecimal\",\n \"options\": [\n \"17CB\",\n \"27D3\",\n \"27CB\",\n \"17D3\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 1,\n \"topic\": \"number-systems\",\n \"quiz\": 2,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. Grouping 0010 0111 1100 0011 gives 27D3 in hexadecimal (wait — 0010=2, 0111=7, 1101=D, 0011=3).\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is 27D3. Group the binary digits into nibbles from the right: 0010=2, 0111=7, 1101=D, 0011=3.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2016\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q5\",\n \"question\": \"Which of the following is equivalent to B OR NOT(A OR B)?\",\n \"options\": [\n \"A OR NOT(B)\",\n \"B OR NOT(A)\",\n \"A AND NOT(B)\",\n \"NOT(A) AND B\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 1,\n \"topic\": \"boolean-logic\",\n \"quiz\": 2,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. By De Morgan's law, NOT(A OR B) = NOT(A) AND NOT(B), so B OR NOT(A) AND NOT(B) simplifies to B OR NOT(A).\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is B OR NOT(A). Applying De Morgan's theorem to NOT(A OR B) gives NOT(A) AND NOT(B), and combining with B simplifies to B OR NOT(A).\"\n },\n \"year\": 2016\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q1\",\n \"question\": \"Convert decimal 8698 to hexadecimal\",\n \"options\": [\n \"21FA\",\n \"21FB\",\n \"22FA\",\n \"20FA\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 0,\n \"topic\": \"number-systems\",\n \"quiz\": 2,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. 8698 ÷ 16 = 543 remainder 10 (A), 543 ÷ 16 = 33 remainder 15 (F), 33 ÷ 16 = 2 remainder 1, giving 21FA.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is 21FA. Repeated division of 8698 by 16 gives remainders A, F, 1, 2 read bottom-up = 21FA.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2016\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q2\",\n \"question\": \"A process is\",\n \"options\": [\n \"A program stored on disk\",\n \"Any instance of a running program.\",\n \"A thread of execution\",\n \"A sequence of instructions\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 1,\n \"topic\": \"operating-systems\",\n \"quiz\": 1,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. A process is any instance of a running program — it includes the program code, current activity, and associated resources.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is 'Any instance of a running program.' A process is the OS abstraction for a running program instance.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2016\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q3\",\n \"question\": \"What technique is used by search engines to collect data from the web?\",\n \"options\": [\n \"A. Web Indexing\",\n \"B. Web Scraping\",\n \"C. Web Mining\",\n \"D. Web Crawling\",\n \"E. Web Crawling\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 3,\n \"topic\": \"networking\",\n \"quiz\": 2,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. Search engines use Web Crawling (also called spidering) to systematically browse the web and collect data for indexing.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is Web Crawling. Crawlers automatically follow links across pages to discover and index content.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2016\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q4\",\n \"question\": \"Convert Hexadecimal 2F36 to binary\",\n \"options\": [\n \"0010111100110100\",\n \"0010111100110110\",\n \"0010111101110110\",\n \"0011111100110110\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 1,\n \"topic\": \"number-systems\",\n \"quiz\": 2,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. 2=0010, F=1111, 3=0011, 6=0110, giving 0010111100110110.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is 0010111100110110. Each hex digit maps to 4 bits: 2=0010, F=1111, 3=0011, 6=0110.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2016\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q5\",\n \"question\": \"Convert binary 0101001000000111 to decimal\",\n \"options\": [\n \"21000\",\n \"21005\",\n \"21007\",\n \"21009\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 2,\n \"topic\": \"number-systems\",\n \"quiz\": 2,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. 0101001000000111 in decimal is 21007.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is 21007. Converting 0101001000000111 from binary to decimal yields 21007.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2016\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q1\",\n \"question\": \"Which is the most correct statement: In a scripting language such as Bash ...\",\n \"options\": [\n \"commands are executed just as if they had been typed on the command line\",\n \"you must declare all variables before using them\",\n \"it is a compiled language\",\n \"Scripting languages only use the Command Line Interface\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 0,\n \"topic\": \"scripting\",\n \"quiz\": 1,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. In Bash and other scripting languages, commands in a script are executed just as if they had been typed on the command line — the shell interprets them directly.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is 'commands are executed just as if they had been typed on the command line.' Scripting languages are interpreted, not compiled.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2016\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q2\",\n \"question\": \"Most file systems are organised as trees. What is an \\\"edge\\\" of a tree in regards to a filesystem?\",\n \"options\": [\n \"This is a \\\"leaf\\\" of the tree.\",\n \"This is a \\\"branch\\\" of the tree.\",\n \"This is the \\\"root\\\" of the tree.\",\n \"This is a \\\"node\\\" of the tree.\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 1,\n \"topic\": \"file-systems\",\n \"quiz\": 1,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. An edge in a file system tree represents a branch — the connection between a parent directory and its child.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is 'This is a \\\"branch\\\" of the tree.' In tree terminology, edges connect nodes and are referred to as branches in the context of file systems.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2016\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q3\",\n \"question\": \"Which of the following \\\"Big O\\\" notations has the HIGHEST cost? (e.g. number of accesses required to read a files blocks)\",\n \"options\": [\n \"O(1)\",\n \"O(n)\",\n \"O(n²)\",\n \"O(log n)\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 2,\n \"topic\": \"file-systems\",\n \"quiz\": 1,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. O(n²) has the highest cost among these options — it grows quadratically with input size, which is the worst for file block access.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is O(n²). Among O(1), O(n), O(log n), and O(n²), quadratic growth is the most expensive.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2016\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q4\",\n \"question\": \"With regards to security, what is data integrity?\",\n \"options\": [\n \"A. ensure that data is only accessible to those who are authorised\",\n \"B. check that the data has not been changed in transmission\",\n \"C. ensure the sender of the data cannot deny sending it\",\n \"D. encrypt the data so only the recipient can read it\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 1,\n \"topic\": \"security\",\n \"quiz\": 1,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. Data integrity means checking that data has not been altered or tampered with during transmission or storage.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is B. Data integrity is about ensuring data remains unmodified — it checks that data has not been changed in transmission.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2016\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q5\",\n \"question\": \"With regards to security, what does Integrity mean?\",\n \"options\": [\n \"A. Safeguarding accuracy and completeness of information\",\n \"B. Ensuring information is accessible when needed\",\n \"C. Preventing unauthorised access to information\",\n \"D. Encrypting information during transmission\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 0,\n \"topic\": \"security\",\n \"quiz\": 1,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. Integrity in security means safeguarding the accuracy and completeness of information — ensuring it has not been improperly modified.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is A. Integrity (from the CIA triad) refers to safeguarding accuracy and completeness of information.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2016\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q1\",\n \"question\": \"With regards to security, what is data integrity?\",\n \"options\": [\n \"A. ensure that data is only accessible to those who are authorised\",\n \"B. check that the data has not been changed in transmission\",\n \"C. ensure the sender cannot deny sending the data\",\n \"D. encrypt the data so only the recipient can read it\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 1,\n \"topic\": \"security\",\n \"quiz\": 1,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. Data integrity means verifying that data has not been changed in transmission — ensuring it remains accurate and unaltered.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is B. Integrity is about ensuring data has not been modified or corrupted during transmission.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2016\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q2\",\n \"question\": \"With regards to security, what does Integrity mean?\",\n \"options\": [\n \"A. Safeguarding accuracy and completeness of information\",\n \"B. Ensuring information is accessible when required\",\n \"C. Preventing unauthorised disclosure of information\",\n \"D. Verifying identity of users\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 0,\n \"topic\": \"security\",\n \"quiz\": 1,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. Integrity in the CIA triad refers to safeguarding the accuracy and completeness of information.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is A. Integrity (CIA triad) means safeguarding accuracy and completeness of information.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2016\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q3\",\n \"question\": \"Which of the following is a CSS class selector?\",\n \"options\": [\n \"class { font-size: 20pt; }\",\n \"#large { font-size: 20pt; }\",\n \".large { font-size: 20pt; }\",\n \"large { font-size: 20pt; }\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 2,\n \"topic\": \"css\",\n \"quiz\": 1,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. In CSS, class selectors begin with a dot (.), so `.large { font-size: 20pt; }` selects all elements with class=\\\"large\\\".\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is `.large { font-size: 20pt; }` because CSS class selectors are prefixed with a period (.).\"\n },\n \"year\": 2016\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q4\",\n \"question\": \"If I am referring to a CSS selector which has properties and values then I am most likely talking about:\",\n \"options\": [\n \"an internal style sheet\",\n \"an inline style\",\n \"an external style sheet\",\n \"you cannot tell\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 3,\n \"topic\": \"css\",\n \"quiz\": 1,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. A CSS selector with properties and values can appear in an internal style sheet, external style sheet, or even inline — you cannot determine the location from that alone.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is 'you cannot tell' because CSS selectors with properties and values can exist in internal, external, or inline styles.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2016\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q5\",\n \"question\": \"Which statement most accurately describes the INTENT of \\\"Cascading\\\" in CSS?\",\n \"options\": [\n \"The browser will allow you to store and re-use the CSS in many places/files instead of using just HTML presentational tags and attributes\",\n \"The browser will calculate the precedence to determine which CSS rule applies to the HTML elements\",\n \"The browser will apply CSS rules from top to bottom in the stylesheet\",\n \"The browser will cascade styles from parent elements to child elements only\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 1,\n \"topic\": \"css\",\n \"quiz\": 1,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. The 'Cascading' in CSS refers to how the browser calculates the precedence (specificity and order) to determine which CSS rule applies when multiple rules target the same element.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is that the browser calculates precedence to determine which CSS rule applies. Cascading is about conflict resolution via specificity and source order.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2016\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q1\",\n \"question\": \"Which of the follow HTML code best represents the following picture? (A definition list with Cats > Order Feline, Dogs > Order Canine)\",\n \"options\": [\n \"

Cats: Order Feline
Dogs: Order Canine

\",\n \"

Cats
- Order Feline
Dogs
- Order Canine

\",\n \"

Cats
Order Feline
Dogs
Order Canine

\",\n \"

Cats	Order Feline
Dogs	Order Canine

\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 0,\n \"topic\": \"html\",\n \"quiz\": 1,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. The

for terms and

for descriptions, making it the correct structure for a term-definition layout like Cats/Order Feline.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer uses

and: tags. A definition list is the correct HTML structure for presenting terms and their definitions.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2016\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q2\",\n \"question\": \"Which of the following is a CSS id selector?\",\n \"options\": [\n \".large { font-size: 20pt; }\",\n \"#large { font-size: 20pt; }\",\n \"large { font-size: 20pt; }\",\n \"class { font-size: 20pt; }\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 1,\n \"topic\": \"css\",\n \"quiz\": 1,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. CSS id selectors use the # symbol, so `#large { font-size: 20pt; }` targets the element with id=\\\"large\\\".\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is `#large { font-size: 20pt; }` because CSS id selectors are prefixed with a hash (#) symbol.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2016\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q3\",\n \"question\": \"Which of the following is a CSS element (type) selector?\",\n \"options\": [\n \".body { color: black; }\",\n \"#body { color: black; }\",\n \"body { color: black; }\",\n \"body:color: black;\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 2,\n \"topic\": \"css\",\n \"quiz\": 1,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. A CSS element (type) selector targets HTML elements by their tag name, so `body { color: black; }` is a type selector.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is `body { color: black; }`. Type selectors target HTML elements directly by their tag name without any prefix.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2016\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"q4\",\n \"question\": \"What type of security attack would it be if I were to modify your login to UTS online?\",\n \"options\": [\n \"A. Authenticity attack\",\n \"B. Confidentiality attack\",\n \"C. Integrity attack\",\n \"D. Availability attack\"\n ],\n \"correctIndex\": 2,\n \"topic\": \"security\",\n \"quiz\": 1,\n \"feedback\": {\n \"correct\": \"Correct. Modifying someone's login details is an Integrity attack — it involves tampering with data to alter its accuracy.\",\n \"incorrect\": \"Incorrect. The answer is C. Integrity attack. Modifying data (like login credentials) without authorisation violates data integrity.\"\n },\n \"year\": 2016\n }\n]","deleted","label",[179,180,163],"valtown","chunks","permalink","https://www.val.town/x/cookiemonster0921/webSystemsQuiz2/code/valtown/chunks/2016_p01.json","extension","json","actionData","errors"]