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GAT Comprehension Exam

Complete all 3 passages (12 Questions Total)

\n\n

\n Passage 1: The Albedo Effect

\n The Earth’s climate is heavily influenced by the \"Albedo Effect,\" which measures how much solar energy is reflected back into space. Surfaces like sea ice and snow have a high albedo, acting like mirrors that keep the planet cool. However, as global temperatures rise and ice melts, it reveals darker ocean water beneath. Dark water has a low albedo, meaning it absorbs more heat. This creates a feedback loop: more heat leads to more melting, which further lowers the albedo, accelerating the warming process.\n

\n\n

\n 1. What is the primary focus of Passage 1?\n

A. The chemical composition of sea ice.

B. How surface reflectivity affects global warming.

C. The history of solar energy exploration.

D. Methods to artificially brighten ocean water.

\n 2. According to the text, a \"high albedo\" surface:\n

A. Absorbs the majority of sunlight.

B. Is typically darker in color.

C. Reflects energy away from Earth.

D. Accelerates the melting of nearby ice.

\n 3. What is meant by the term \"feedback loop\" in the context of the passage?\n

A. A scientific error in climate data.

B. A process where the result reinforces the cause.

C. The sound emitted by melting glaciers.

D. A communication system between scientists.

\n 4. The author's tone can best be described as:\n

A. Explanatory and objective.

B. Sarcastic and dismissive.

C. Joyful and optimistic.

D. Highly aggressive.

\n\n

\n Passage 2: The Silk Road Influence

\n The Silk Road was not a single paved highway, but a vast network of trade routes connecting the East and West. While silk was a major commodity, the true value of the Silk Road lay in the exchange of ideas, religions, and technologies. Paper-making technology traveled from China to the Islamic world and eventually Europe, forever changing how information was stored. In return, artistic styles and medicinal knowledge flowed eastward. This cross-cultural fertilization laid the groundwork for the modern globalized world.\n

\n\n

\n 5. The \"true value\" of the Silk Road, according to the author, was:\n

A. The high price of silk in Europe.

B. The construction of massive stone highways.

C. The cultural and intellectual exchange.

D. The military conquest of the East.

\n 6. Which technology's spread is specifically highlighted?\n

A. Steam engines.

B. Paper-making.

C. Shipbuilding.

D. Compass navigation.

\n 7. The phrase \"cross-cultural fertilization\" suggests:\n

A. Farming techniques used in ancient China.

B. The mixing of different societal ideas to create growth.

C. The spread of diseases along trade routes.

D. The destruction of local cultures by trade.

\n 8. What is the passage's organizational structure?\n

A. Chronological timeline of silk prices.

B. Comparison between silk and cotton.

C. Argument followed by supporting examples.

D. A fictional story about a merchant.

\n\n

\n Passage 3: The Scarcity Principle

\n In economics, the \"Scarcity Principle\" states that limited resources combined with unlimited wants results in the need for choices. Because we cannot have everything we desire, we must make trade-offs. This leads to the concept of \"Opportunity Cost\"—the value of the next best alternative that you give up when making a choice. For instance, if a city spends its budget on a new stadium, the opportunity cost might be the school repairs that can no longer be funded. Understanding these costs is essential for effective decision-making.\n

\n\n

\n 9. What does the Scarcity Principle force people to do?\n

A. Stop buying all goods.

B. Increase the supply of natural resources.

C. Make choices and trade-offs.

D. Spend money without planning.

\n 10. \"Opportunity Cost\" is best defined as:\n

A. The total price of an item including tax.

B. The value of what you sacrifice to get something else.

C. The profit made from a smart investment.

D. A discount offered during a sale.

\n 11. In the stadium example, what is the opportunity cost?\n

A. The cost of the stadium tickets.

B. The new stadium itself.

C. The school repairs that weren't done.

D. The taxes paid by the citizens.

\n 12. The word \"essential\" in the last sentence is closest to:\n

A. Optional

B. Crucial

C. Expensive

D. Difficult

\n\n \n\n

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